Flow Rate Prediction for a Semi-permeable Membrane at Low Reynolds Number in a Circular Pipe

Transport in Porous Media - A concise and accurate prediction method is required for membrane permeability in chemical engineering and biological fields. As a preliminary study on this topic, we...     

Structural modeling in a class of systems using fuzzy sets theory

On the basis of fuzzy sets theory, we propose a method for structuring hierarchy for the several complex problems, and call it Fuzzy Structural Modeling (FSM) method. An important requirement for structural modeling of complex systems is that the necessary data is acquired and organized into a form such that a structural model can be developed. The main purpose of this method is to describe and illustrate a formal procedure for constructing the graphic presentation of the hierarchical arrangement given the necessary information concerning the relation of each element to each other element. The procedure permits an automatic development of the graphic structure that portrays the hierarchy.     

Development of a new software for the X-ray structural analysis of polymer crystals by utilizing the X-ray imaging plate system

A software and some useful tools have been developed for identifying individual x-ray reflectional peaks recorded with an x-ray imaging plate system. These techniques were applied to analyze the crystal structure of uniaxially oriented polymer samples. Characteristic features of the present method may be summarized as follows. (1) The indexing of the observed reflections and the determination of the unit cell parameters can be made easily on the display of the computer. (2) The integrated intensity of the individual component of the overlapped reflections can be evaluated quantitatively through the curve separation technique. The R_merge's for the equivalent reflections were 5–6%, indicating the exact evaluation of the integrated intensities. (3) The thus obtained reflectional data were successfully utilized for the extraction of the initial structural models by the direct method. The actual applications have been made for orthorhombic polyethylene, trigonal polyoxymethylene, and isotactic polybutene-1, giving the refined crystal structures including even the positions of hydrogen atoms in some cases. The reliability factors were 12, 5, and 15%, respectively, for these three polymer cyrstals. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1677–1700, 1997     

Reactions of polymerization-resistant 1,2-dithiolanes with lithiated oxygen heterocycles

Lithiated furans have been found to cleave the S–S bond of polymerization-resistant 1,2-dithiolanes to give the ring opened products in good yields. In the case of lithiated benzofuran, the excess reagent reacted with the normal product to give a mixture. Lithiated dihydrofuran and dihydropyran gave the corresponding ring-opened products that rearranged to spiro-1,3-dithianes during acidic workup. The reaction was applied to the selective synthesis of substrates for intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 9:281–287, 1998     

A novel method for the direct derivatization of straight-chain aliphatic carboxylates after trapping on anion-exchange resin

A novel procedure for the characterization of traces of lipophilic straight-chain aliphatic carboxylate ions in aqueous samples is described. The carboxylates are adsorbed on an Amberlyst A26 [Cl^-] resin column. The resin is then dried and suspended in methyl iodide at room temperature. A gas Chromatographic analysis of the methyl iodide solution allows the determination of the carboxylates as their methyl esters. Full characterization of each carboxylate with an overall recovery over 84% from 1 ppm aqueous sample solutions is attained.     

Self-assembling monolayer formation of glucose oxidase covalently attached on 11-aminoundecanethiol monolayers on gold

Glucose oxidase (GOx) has been attached covalently to form uniform enzyme monolayers on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) from 11-aminoundecanethiol (AUDT) by taking advantage of chemical oxidation of GOx carbohydrate residues followed by coupling the resulting 'aldehydic' enzyme with the terminal amino group in the SAM as characterized by AFM imaging, IR, QCM, and electrochemical measurements.     

Photometric reagents based on crown ether complex formation. VII

Summary Two new chromogenic crown reagents, 22-Kosh and 21-Kosh, have been synthesized by the condensation of Cryptand-22 and -21, respectively, with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide. Extraction of alkaline-earth metal ions with a dichloroethane solution of 22-Kosh or 21-Kosh has been investigated and their extraction coefficients have been evaluated. The relative ease of extraction is MgBa4 l·mole^–1·cm^–1 at 406 nm.

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Auf Kronenetherkomplexbindung basierende photometrische Reagenzien. VIIPhotometrische Bestimmung von Calcium in biologischem Material mit N,N-bis(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-diaza-4,7,13,16-tetraoxacyklooctadecan

Zusammenfassung Zwei neue chromogene Kronenetherreagenzien, 22-Kosh und 21-Kosh wurden durch Kondensation von Cryptand-22 bzw. -21 mit 2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylbromid synthetisiert. Die Extraktion der Erdalkalimetallionen mit einer Dichlorethanlösung von 22-Kosh oder 21-Kosh wurde untersucht und ihre Extraktionskonstanten wurden bestimmt. Für die Leichtigkeit der Extrahierbarkeit mit den beiden Reagenzien ergibt sich folgende Reihenfolge: MgBa4 bei 406 nm.

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Part VI: M. Takagi, H. Nakamura, Y. Sanui, and K. Ueno, Analyt. Chim. Acta, in the press.

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Presented at the 8th International Microchemical Symposium; Graz, August 25–30, 1980.     

Elastic properties of filled-Skutterudite compounds probed by Mössbauer nuclei

We have carried out Mössbauer spectroscopy and nuclear resonant inelastic scattering to elucidate the lattice dynamics in filled-Skutterudite compounds, especially phosphides. The second-order Doppler shift obeys the Debye model in RFe₄P₁₂. Nuclear quadrupole interaction reveals an unusual temperature dependence in these compounds. An anomaly is observed in ⁵⁷Fe nuclear resonant inelastic scattering of these compounds. The energy where the anomaly observed in SmFe₄P₁₂ agrees with the phonon excitation energy observed by ¹⁴⁹Sm nuclear resonant inelastic scattering. We have also performed the ⁹⁹Ru Mössbauer measurements of SmRu₄P₁₂.