The self-dimerized chiral assembly of vanadium-Schiff-base complexes was found to occur on a SiO2 surface and to be the first heterogeneous catalyst for the asymmetric oxidative coupling of 2-naphthol with 100% selectivity and 90% enantioselectivity. 相似文献
Though preparation procedures of heterogeneous Ziegler‐Natta catalysts for propylene polymerization are sophisticated, it is uncertain whether the nature of the active sites is similar or different for different preparation procedures. In this study, the effects of preparation procedures on the nature of the active sites were investigated by stopped‐flow polymerization in combination with microstructure analysis of polymers. Both basic and advanced types of catalysts showed the same two kinds of isospecific active site, which indicated little influence of the preparation method on the active site structure. On the contrary, the ratios of the two kinds of isospecific sites were not the same, resulting in variation of average polymer properties.
Preservation of initial polymer/catalyst particle morphology under air, was examined using stopped‐flow Ziegler–Natta polymerization with various quenching conditions and post‐chemical treatments. The exposure of the initial particles to air caused the fast formation of cracks on the surface, finally leading to significant reformation of the particle shape, when polymerizing particles were washed with heptane at ?65 °C under N2 or under CO2. On the other hand, when the particles were washed with heptane containing an appropriate amount of tetrahydrofuran under CO2, the particle morphology under air was almost completely maintained even after 1 h exposure. The present results are useful for various ex situ characterizations of unstable initial polymer/catalyst particles.
Summary: We found that the spherulite structure of polypropylene (PP) significantly influences the stability of PP by affecting the behavior of stabilizers. Smaller spherulites resulted in more homogeneous dispersion of stabilizers and their slower release into air, so as to elongate the lifetime of PP. Moreover, chemically and physically weak spherulite boundaries were selectively oxidized in the presence of stabilizers. The significance to control higher order structures on the stabilization of PP is reported. 相似文献
Hydrogen effects for propylene polymerization were investigated with ultra low TiCl3 loading MgCl2-supported catalysts in which the electric states of Ti species can be almost uniform. Hydrogen did not affect the catalyst activity, while the efficiency of hydrogen as a chain transfer agent was found to depend on the Ti content of the catalyst and the stereospecificity of the polymerization sites: Hydrogen was effective for isospecific sites independent of Ti contents, but inert for aspecific sites only at the extremely low Ti content. These results were explained within the island model, where isospecific sites may be located in the islands with other Ti species in their surroundings acting, as a steric hindrance for isospecific polymerization and as hydrogen dissociation sites after deactivation. Most of the aspecific sites should be isolated only at the extremely low Ti content. These isolated sites have no other Ti species in their surroundings, i.e. no hydrogen dissociation sites, and are inert to hydrogen. 相似文献
Photo‐ and thermal stabilities of poly(propylene) (PP)/SiO2 nanocomposites were studied by varying the particle size of the SiO2 nanoparticles. It was found that smaller SiO2 nanoparticles improved the stabilities of the nanocomposites by depressing the size of spherulites. The phenomenon was successfully explained within the infectious spreading model, where the spatial spreading of oxidation was delayed at the interfacial region between the spherulites.
The present article reveals important roles of metal alkyl activators in tuning the performance of the Phillips catalyst in ethylene polymerization. The addition of aluminum alkyl aids the activation of the catalyst, while excess addition leads to the loss of the activity. The balance between the activation and deactivation depends on the type of employed aluminum alkyl, and tri‐n‐octylaluminum offers the most efficient catalyst usage by preferentially suppressing the deactivation. The passivation of aluminum trialkyl with a hindered phenol mildens not only the deactivation but also chain transfer reactions, leading to an increment of high molecular weight fractions.