A MICROFOUNDATION OF PREDATOR‐PREY DYNAMICS

ABSTRACT. Predator‐prey relationships account for an important part of all interactions betweenspecies. In this paper we provide a microfoundation for such predator‐prey relations in afood chain. Basic entities of our analysis are representative organisms of species modeled similar to economic households. With prices as indicators of scarcity, organisms are assumed to behave as if they maximize their net biomass subject to constraints which express the organisms' risk of being preyed upon during predation. Like consumers, organisms face a ‘budget constraint’ requiring their expenditure on prey biomass not to exceed their revenue from supplying own biomass. Short‐run ecosystem equilibria are defined and derived. The net biomass acquired by the representative organism in the short term determines the positive or negative population growth. Moving short‐run equilibria constitute the dynamics of the predator‐prey relations that are characterized in numerical analysis. The population dynamics derived here turn out to differ significantly from those assumed in the standard Lotka‐Volterra model.     

Gabor Analysis on Finite Product of Cyclic Groups

We present a complete characterization of Gabor frame operators on finite dimensional Hilbert space $L^2(\Gamma)$, where $\Gamma = \mathbb{Z}_{m_1} \times \mathbb{Z}_{m_2} \times \dots \times \mathbb{Z}_{m_p}$ and $m_1,m_2,\dots,m_p$ are positive integers. The notion of generalized $B$-modulation and generalized $B$-translation is introduced and some significant properties of the generalized pseudo $B$-Gabor like frames are discussed.     

Parallelization of analytical Hartree—Fock and density functional theory Hessian calculations. Part I: parallelization of coupled-perturbed Hartree—Fock equations

Solving the coupled-perturbed Hartree-Fock (CPHF) equations is the most time consuming part in the analytical computation of second derivatives of the molecular energy with respect to the nuclei. This paper describes a unique parallelization approach for solving the CPHF equations. The computational load is divided by the nuclear perturbations and distributed evenly among the computing nodes. The parallel algorithm is scalable with respect to the size of the molecule, i.e. the larger the molecule, the greater the parallel speedup. The memory storage requirements are also distributed among the processors, with little communication among the processors. The method is implemented in the Q-Chem software package and its performance is discussed. This work represents the first step in a research project to parallelize analytical frequency calculations at Hartree-Fock and density functional theory levels.     

RESTRICTED LIE ALGEBRAS WITH MAXIMAL 0-PIM

In this paper it is shown that the projective cover of the trivial irreducible module of a finite-dimensional solvable restricted Lie algebra is induced from the one dimensional trivial module of a maximal torus. As a consequence, the number of the isomorphism classes of irreducible modules with a fixed p-character for a finite-dimensional solvable restricted Lie algebra L is bounded above by p ^MT(L), where MT(L) denotes the maximal dimension of a torus in L. Finally, it is proved that in characteristic p > 3 the projective cover of the trivial irreducible L-module is induced from the one-dimensional trivial module of a torus of maximal dimension, only if L is solvable.     

REACTIVITY OF PHOTOCHEMICALLY-GENERATED LIPID HYDROPEROXIDES IN CELL MEMBRANES WITH GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE

The ability of glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) to catalyze the reductive inactivation of photochemically-generated lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs) was investigated, using hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) as a photosensitizing agent and erythrocyte ghosts as membrane targets. Glutathione peroxidase was reactive toward photoperoxidized membranes only after their exposure to phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Iodometrically-determined LOOH values were typically 30-40% greater than values measured by enzymatic assay using Gpx and glutathione reductase. A consistent result was obtained when photooxidized membranes were treated with PLA2 and GSH/Gpx followed by iodometric assay, viz. persistence of approximately 40% of the starting LOOH. Whereas photooxidized egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes underwent total LOOH loss when incubated with PLA2 and GSH/Gpx, no net loss was observed with photooxidized cholesterol/dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine liposomes. The results suggest that cholesterol hydroperoxides in ghost membranes account for the Gpx-resistant fraction of LOOHs.     

5-取代丙二酸亚异丙酯的结构研究 II: 5-(α-异丙基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环乙烷-4,6-二酮的晶体结构及量子化学计算

5-(α-异丙基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-4,6-二酮C9H14O4, MT=186.21, 正交晶系, 空间群为P212121, 晶胞参数为: a=5.228(1), b=11.079(4), c=16.955埃.V=892.1(5)埃^3, Dc=1.286g.cm^-^3. Z=4, μ(MoKa)=0.92cm^-^1. 用直接法解出结构, 经最小二乘法修正, 最后的偏离因子R=0.062. 结构 测定表明, 分子内六元环具有扭曲船式结构. 对5-(α-苯乙基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-4,6-二酮的CNDO/2计算表明, 最稳定构型是扭曲船式结构, 与X射线晶体分析 结果相一致.     

TEMPORAL AGGREGATION AND TESTING FOR TIMBER PRICE BEHAVIOR

ABSTRACT. Different harvest timing models make different assumptions about timber price behavior. Those seeking to optimize harvest timing are thus first faced with a decision regarding which assumption of price behavior is appropriate for their market, particularly regarding the presence of a unit root in the timber price time series. Unfortunately for landowners and investors, the literature provides conflicting guidance on this subject. One source for the ambiguous results of unit root tests of timber prices may involve data problems. We used Monte Carlo simulations to show that aggregating observations below their observed rate resulted in similar power reductions and empirical size distortions across three classes of unit root tests. Moving‐average error structures can also affect power and sizes of tests on period‐averaged data. Such error structures can also be created by the kind of temporal averaging common in reported timber prices. If we take timber prices at their face value and therefore ignore these sampling error and temporal aggregation complications, we find that unit root tests on southern timber prices support a unit root in 158 out of 208 product‐deflation combinations tested, random walks in 38 of the series found to be nonsta‐tionary, and stationarity in none. However, if we recognize temporal aggregation errors, unit root tests more commonly favor stationarity, especially for pulpwood stumpage. Because price trends for sawtimber and pulpwood products may behave differently even in the same region, stochastic harvest timing models must be developed that allow their multiple products to follow different price paths.