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1.
Daniel Heinz Annette Meister Hazrat Hussain Karsten Busse Jörg Kressler 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2020,58(23):3322-3335
Adding perfluoroalkyl (PF) segments to amphiphilic copolymers yields triphilic copolymers with new application profiles. Usually, PF segments are attached as terminal blocks via Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The purpose of the current study is to design new triphilic architectures with a PF segment in central position. The PF segment bearing bifunctional atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator is employed for the fabrication of triphilic poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-b-PF-b-poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-b-poly(propylene oxide) PPO-b-PGMA-b-PF-b-PGMA-b-PPO pentablock copolymers by a combined ATRP and CuAAC reaction approach. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates the PF-initiator to undergo a solid–solid phase transition at 63°C before the final crystal melting at 95°C. This is further corroborated by polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. The PF-initiator could successfully polymerize solketal methacrylate (SMA) under typical ATRP conditions producing well-defined Br-PSMA-b-PF-b-PSMA-Br triblock copolymers that are then converted into PPO-b-PSMA-b-PF-b-PSMA-b-PPO pentablock copolymer via CuAAC reaction. Subsequently, acid hydrolysis of the PSMA blocks afforded water soluble well-defined triphilic pentablock copolymers PPO-b-PGMA-b-PF-b-PGMA-b-PPO with fluorophilic central segment, hydrophilic middle blocks, and lipophilic outer blocks. The triphilic block copolymers could self-assemble, depending upon the preparatory protocol, into spherical and filament-like phase-separated nanostructures as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. 相似文献
2.
Muhammad Usman Khan Muhammad Yasir Mehboob Riaz Hussain Zainab Afzal Muhammad Khalid Muhammad Adnan 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2020,120(22):e26377
The development of organic electron acceptor materials is one of the key factors for realizing high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Nonfullerene electron acceptors, compared to traditional fullerene acceptor materials, have gained much impetus owing to their better optoelectronic tunabilities and lower cost, as well as higher stability. Therefore, 5 three-dimensional (3D) cross-shaped acceptor materials having a spirobifullerene core flanked with 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole are designed from a recently synthesized highly efficient acceptor molecule SF(BR) 4 and are investigated in detail with regard to their use as acceptor molecules in OSCs. The density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations have been performed for the estimation of frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, density of states analysis, reorganization energies of electron and hole, dipole moment, open-circuit voltage, photo-physical characteristics, and transition density matrix analysis. In addition, the structure-property relationship is studied, and the influence of end-capped acceptor modifications on photovoltaic, photo-physical, and electronic properties of newly selected molecules ( H1-H5 ) is calculated and compared with reference ( R ) acceptor molecule SF(BR) 4 . The structural tailoring at terminals was found to effectively tune the FMO band gap, energy levels, absorption spectra, open-circuit voltage, reorganization energy, and binding energy value in selected molecules H1 to H5 . The 3D cross-shaped molecules H1 to H5 suppress the intermolecular aggregation in PTB7-Th blend, which leads to high efficiency of acceptor material H1 to H5 in OSCs. Consequently, better optoelectronic properties are achieved from designed molecules H1 to H5 . It is proposed that the conceptualized molecules are superior than highly efficient spirobifullerene core-based SF(BR) 4 acceptor molecules and, thus, are recommended to experiments for future developments of highly efficient solar cells. 相似文献
3.
O.M. Hussain A.S. Swapnasmitha J. John R. Pinto 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2005,81(6):1291-1297
The structure and surface morphology of WO3 thin films deposited by a laser-ablation technique have been found to be strongly dependent on the deposition conditions and the nature of the substrate. By precisely controlling the substrate temperature and the oxygen partial pressure, amorphous, polycrystalline, nano-crystalline and iso-epitaxial WO3 thin films were successfully grown. The structure and surface morphological features of the films from X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy data are described in relation to the deposition conditions. PACS 81.15.Fg; 68.55.-a; 68.37.Ps 相似文献
4.
This paper describes an optimization technique based on an heuristic procedure which is applied to analyse and improve the efficiency of the design of Global Positioning System (GPS) surveying networks. GPS is a valuable survey tool because of its ability to increase the accuracy, speed and flexibility of a survey. A GPS network can be defined as a number of stations, which are co-ordinated by a series of sessions, formed by placing receivers on stations. The goal is to select the best order in which these sessions can be organised to give the best possible schedule. Generally, solving large networks to optimality requires impractical computational time. This paper proposes a Tabu Search technique which provides optimal or near-optimal solutions for large networks with an acceptable amount of computational effort. Computational results for several case studies with known and unknown optimal schedules have been presented to assess the performance of the proposed technique. 相似文献
5.
Metal ion uptake properties of polystyrene-supported chelating polymer resins functionalized with (i) glycine, (ii) hydroxy
benzoic acid, (iii) Schiff base and (iv) diethanol amine have been investigated. The effects of pH, time and initial concentration
on the uptake of metal ions have been studied. The uptake of metal ion depends on pH. The resins are more selective at pH
10 for Pb(II) and Hg(II), whereas at pH 6 they are found to be Cd(II) and Cr(VI) selective. Metal ion uptake properties of
resins follow Freundlich’s equation. The resins are recyclable and are therefore employed for the removal of heavy metal pollutants
from industrial waste water. 相似文献
6.
A closed-form expression is presented to find the location of solid-liquid interface motion in convection-dominated solidification and melting problems. In this regard, the solutions are expressed in terms of the generalized representations of error functions,E (u, v) andF (u, v), which are useful to heat-conduction problems with convective-type boundary conditions. It is demonstrated that for constant surface temperature, the interface solution reduces to the classical Neumann solution. 相似文献
7.
The solubility and diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide in intermediate‐moisture starch–water mixtures were determined both experimentally and theoretically at elevated pressures up to 16 MPa at 50 °C. A high‐pressure decay sorption system was assembled to measure the equilibrium CO2 mass uptake by the starch–water system. The experimentally measured solubilities accounted for the estimated swollen volume by Sanchez–Lacombe equation of state (S‐L EOS) were found to increase almost linearly with pressure, yielding 4.0 g CO2/g starch–water system at 16 MPa. Moreover, CO2 solubilities above 5 MPa displayed a solubility increase, which was not contributed by the water fraction in the starch–water mixture. The solubilities, however, showed no dependence on the degree of gelatinization (DG) of starch. The diffusion coefficient of CO2 was found to increase with concentration of dissolved CO2, which is pressure‐dependent, and decrease with increasing DG in the range of 50–100%. A free‐volume‐based diffusion model proposed by Areerat was employed to predict the CO2 diffusivity in terms of pressure, temperature, and the concentration of dissolved CO2. S‐L EOS was once more used to determine the specific free volume of the mixture system. The predicted diffusion coefficients showed to correlate well with the measured values for all starch–water mixtures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 607–621, 2006 相似文献
8.
The oxodiperoxo complexes of Mo(VI) of the type [MoO(O2)2L], where L = Morpholinomethyl urea, morpholinomethyl thiourea, piperidinomethyl urea, piperidinomethyl thiourea, pyrrolidinomethyl
urea, and pyrrolidinomethyl thiourea have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR,
UV-Vis, and TGA/DTA techniques. It is shown that the ligands coordinate to the metal ion in a symmetrical bidentate fashion
through heterocyclic nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen or thiocarbonyl sulfur. Thermal studies indicate continuous weight loss
until a stable oxide is formed.
The text was submitted by authors in English. 相似文献
9.
10.
Gábor Blaskó S.Fazal Hussain Alan J. Freyer Maurice Shamma 《Tetrahedron letters》1981,22(33):3127-3130
The dark yellow indenobenzazepine alkaloids lahorine () and lahoramine () have been found in Lam. (Fumariaceae). In a transformation with biogenetic implications, treatment of the spirobenzylisoquinolines dihydrofumariline () and dihydroparfumidine () with methanesulfonyl chloride and triethylamine in dry THF, followed by iodine oxidation, provided and , respectively. 相似文献