Non-perturbative effects in e+e− annihilation in quantum chromodynamics

We study the change of one two-point function of hadronic electromagnetic currents in the presence of background gauge fields. It is found that it has the asymptotic behavior of 1/q⁴ as compared to ln(-q²) behavior from the bare fermion loop contribution. The effects of the non-perturbative vacuum in QCD on the two-point function is studied in an explicit calculation. We obtain the same qualitative behavior as in our general discussion. The effects on the total hadronic e⁺e^? annihilation is also discussed. We find that the effect ΔR^I/R is of the order of o(1/q⁴) or O(1/q⁶). This may explain the precocious scaling in the e⁺e^? annihilation.     

A useful quantity for studying jet structure in e+e− annihilation

We propose a new variable for studying the deviation from perfect two-jet structure in e⁺e^? annihilation. This involves only charged particles in the final state. We calculate this in QCD. We also discover a strong-interaction independent prediction in e⁺e^? annihilation.     

Real-time monitoring implementation in a remote-pumped WDM PON

We report on an improved configuration to monitor a passive optical network with high quality in service. This proposed system comprises fiber-Bragg gratings, a 1 × 4 optical switch, and an optical time-domain reflectometry to diagnose the broken point in real time. It could simultaneously detect multioptical network units in a WDM PON. The remote-pump integrated residual pumping reused function is implemented. Broken points in different optical paths can be detected simultaneously even when the distances to the central office are identical. The bit-error rate testing is verified with a small power penalty, making it an ideal solution for the real-time monitoring in a WDM PON.     

Precipitation Behavior of Metal Ions in the Preparation of YBa2Cu3Oy and (Bi,Pb)2(Sr,Ca)4Cu3Oy Superconductive Materials in 8-Hydroxyquinoline-diethylamine Media

To prepare the YBa₂Cu₃O_y (Y-123) and (Bi, Pb)₂(Sr, Ca)₄Cu₃O_y (Bi-2223) superconductive materials, coprecipitation was used with 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) as precipitant to ensure complete precipitation. Various aspects of competitive reactions such as dissociation, precipitation, complex formation and association in the aqueous solution system containing metal ions, oxinate ion and diethylamine species have been explored in order to discover the optimal coprecipitation conditions of the title system. Experiments were conducted to confirm these conditions.     

Development of a body motion interactive system with a weight voting mechanism and computer vision technology

This study develops a body motion interactive system with computer vision technology. This application combines interactive games, art performing, and exercise training system. Multiple image processing and computer vision technologies are used in this study. The system can calculate the characteristics of an object color, and then perform color segmentation. When there is a wrong action judgment, the system will avoid the error with a weight voting mechanism, which can set the condition score and weight value for the action judgment, and choose the best action judgment from the weight voting mechanism. Finally, this study estimated the reliability of the system in order to make improvements.The results showed that, this method has good effect on accuracy and stability during operations of the human–machine interface of the sports training system.     

交通拥堵相变问题的同伦分析法

利用同伦分析法研究了一类基于洛伦兹系统的交通拥堵相变问题的非线性方程. 通过选取不同的初始解和不同的线性算子,分别得到了问题的近似解和相应的残留误差. 通过与前人结果的比较得出,在研究该类问题时同伦分析法优于微分变换法; 在应用同伦分析法时,要选取尽可能接近原算子线性部分作为线性算子. 本文还给出了一种新的初始解选取方法(双同伦分析法). 数值模拟的结果证实了理论分析的正确性. 关键词： 同伦分析法 交通拥堵 近似解 残留误差     

Transferability of Electronic Interaction Energies Between Localized Orbitals

Localized molecular orbitals have been shown to be transferable among structurally-related molecules. We further show that the electronic energies between localized orbitals are transferable and their magnitude can be estimated. A set of parameters of group interaction energies are established from the analysis of small molecules. Use of these parameters is demonstrated successfully for large molecules.     

Rapid Formation of the Textured (Bi,Pb)2(Sr,Ca)4Cu3Oy Superconductor by Multiple Pressing and Sintering Process

A superconducting (Bi, Pb)₂(Sr, Ca)₄Cu₃O₂ material has been prepared by tbe oxalate coprecipitation method. The high-Tc 110 K phase was effectively promoted by application of an intermediate grinding and pressing between the sintering heat treatments. The powder X-ray diffraction shows the existence of single high-Tc and high-textured microstructures with strong (001) reflections within a short sintering time ( 18 h). The morphology of the sintered samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, the kinetics of the formation of the high-Tc phase were investigated by the isothermal method. A possible mechanism of the formation of high-Tc 2223 phase was proposed.     

Scalar quantum chromodynamics in two dimensions and the parton model

We study SU(N) scalar quantum chromodynamics in two space-time dimensions in the large-N limit. This is the model of color gauge fields interacting with scalar quarks. We find that the consensual properties of four-dimensional QCD, i.e. infrared slavery, quark confinement, the charmonium picture, etc. are all realized. Moreover, the current in this model mimics nicely the behavior of the current in four-dimensional QCD, in contrast to the original model of 't Hooft.     

Enhanced output power for InGaAlP LEDs by contact-transferred and mask-embedded lithography

The authors applied a simple, low-cost, mass-producible contact-transferred and mask-embedded lithography (CMEL) to texture p-GaP window layer for the fabrication of InGaAlP light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting at 612 nm. Under 20 mA current injection, it was found that forward voltages were 2.25, 2.24 and 2.25 V for CMEL-400 nm LED, CMEL-2 μm LED and the conventional LED without CMEL, respectively. It was also found that the 20 mA output powers were 1.43, 1.28 and 1.16 mW for CMEL-400 nm LED, CMEL-2 μm LED and the conventional LED without CMEL, respectively.