Neutrino Reactions with Deuteron in Core-Collapse Supernova

We have investigated the neutrino reactions via deuteron in the surface region of the supernova core. We evaluate the electron capture on deuterons and the neutrino emission from nucleon-nucleon scattering through the deuteron formation and found an important role of neutrino reactions with deuteron.     

Electronic properties of CrF and CrCl in the X 6Sigma+ state: observation of the halogen hyperfine structure by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy

The rotational spectra of the CrF and CrCl radicals in the X 6Sigma+ state were observed by employing a Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. The CrF and CrCl radicals were generated by the reaction of laser-ablated Cr with F2 and Cl2, respectively, diluted in Ar. A chromium rod made of chromium powder pasted with epoxy resin was ablated by a Nd:YAG laser. Rotational transitions were measured in the region between 8 and 26 GHz. Several hyperfine constants due to the halogen nuclei were determined by a least-squares analysis. The electronic properties of CrF and CrCl were derived from their hyperfine constants and were compared with those of other 3d transition metal monohalides: TiF, MnF, FeF, CoF, NiF, and FeCl.     

Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy of the Rg-SH(2Pi(i)) complexes (Rg:Ne, Kr): determination of the intermolecular potential energy surfaces

Pure rotational spectra of Ne-SH and Kr-SH have been studied by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. R-branch transitions in the lower-spin component (Omega=3/2) corresponding to a linear (2)Pi(i) radical were observed for J(")=1.5-4.5 in the region 11-25 GHz for Ne-SH and for J(")=1.5-6.5 in the region 5-20 GHz for Kr-SH, respectively, with parity doublings and hyperfine splittings associated with the H nucleus. Although the spectral pattern of Kr-SH is relatively regular, that of Ne-SH is irregular with the J dependence of the parity doublings quite different from other Rg-SH or Ar-OH complexes. Two-dimensional intermolecular potential energy surfaces (IPSs) for both of the species have been determined from the least-squares fittings of the observed rotational transitions utilizing results of high-level ab initio calculations. These IPSs reproduce the observed transition frequencies within the experimental error and provide accurate knowledge on the intermolecular interaction and internal dynamics. Systematic comparisons of Rg-SH complexes have clarified various features of this series of complexes.     

Validity of the second law in nonextensive quantum thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics in nonextensive statistical mechanics is discussed in the quantum regime. Making use of the convexity property of the generalized relative entropy associated with the Tsallis entropy indexed by q, Clausius' inequality is shown to hold in the range q in (0, 2]. This restriction on the range of the entropic index, q, is purely quantum mechanical and there exists no upper bound of q for validity of the second law in classical theory.     

Scale-free statistics of time interval between successive earthquakes

The statistical property of the calm times, i.e., time intervals between successive earthquakes with arbitrary values of magnitude, is studied by analyzing the seismic time series data in California and Japan. It is found that the calm times obey the Zipf–Mandelbrot power law, exhibiting a new scale-free nature of the earthquake phenomenon. Dependence of the exponent of the power-law distribution on threshold for magnitude is examined. As threshold increases, the tail of the distribution tends to become longer, showing difficulty in statistically estimating time intervals of earthquakes.     

On the treatment of the annihilation interaction in antiproton-nucleus collisions

We discuss how to treat the annihilation interaction in antiproton-nucleus collisions within the framework of the multiple scattering model under the constraint that real annihilation of the projectile can take place only once.     

Infrared multiphoton dissociation spectroscopic analysis of peptides and oligosaccharides by using fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with a midinfrared free-electron laser

The fragmentation of peptides and oligosaccharides in the gas phase was investigated by means of electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry coupled with dissociation by a laser-cleavage infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) technique. In this technique, an IR free-electron laser is used as a tunable source of IR radiation to cause cleavage of the ionized samples introduced into the FTICR cell. The gas-phase IRMPD spectra of protonated peptides (substance P and angiotensin II) and two sodiated oligosaccharides (sialyl Lewis X and lacto-N-fucopentaose III) were obtained over the IR scan range of 5.7-9.5 microm. In the IRMPD spectra for the peptide, fragment ions are observed as y/b-type fragment ions in the range 5.7-7.5 microm, corresponding to cleavage of the backbone of the parent amino acid sequence, whereas the spectra of the oligosaccharides have major peaks in the range 8.4-9.5 microm, corresponding to photoproducts of the B/Y type.     

Analysis of the nuclear quadrupole interaction of Disulfur Dichloride, S2Cl2

Pure rotational spectra of S₂³⁵Cl₂ and S₂³⁵Cl³⁷Cl have been observed using a Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. An analysis of the hyperfine structure made by considering the nuclear spin statistics showed that S₂Cl₂ has C₂symmetry, where the hyperfine splittings due to the two Cl nuclei were analyzed precisely. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constants including the off-diagonal (χ_ab, χ_ac, χ_bc) components and the nuclear spin–rotation interaction constants associated with the two Cl nuclei have been determined for the first time. We have shown that the nuclear quadrupole interaction plays an important role in the ortho–para mixing.     

Dual-wavelength continuous-wave cascade oscillation at 3 and 2 mum with a holmium-doped fluoride-glass fiber laser

We have demonstrated dual-wavelength continuous-wave oscillation at 3 and 2 mum with a Ho-doped ZrF(4)- BaF(2)- LaF(3)- AlF(3)- NaF fluoride-glass fiber laser by use of a cascade oscillation scheme. We have shown that the fiber laser operates with a high slope efficiency of 52% (at 3 and 2microm) with respect to the absorbed pump power. With a 6.5-m-long fiber we achieved an output power of 90 mW at each of the wavelengths that was limited only by the pump power, and the 3-microm output power is to our knowledge higher than any previously reported level with 3-mum Ho(3+) -doped fiber lasers.     

Fluctuation theorems and 1/f noise from a simple matrix

Here we present a model for a small system combined with an explicit entropy bath that iscomparably small. The dynamics of the model is defined by a simple matrix, M. Each row ofM corresponds to a macrostate of the system, e.g. net alignment, while the elements in therow represent microstates. The constant number of elements in each row ensures constantentropy, which allows reversible fluctuations, similar to information theory where aconstant number of bits allows reversible computations. Many elements in M come from themicrostates of the system, but many others come from the bath. Bypassing the bath statesyields fluctuations that exhibit standard white noise; whereas with bath states the powerspectral density varies as S(f) ∝ 1 /f overa wide range of frequencies, f. Thus, the explicit entropy bath is the mechanismof 1/f noisein this model. Both forms of the model match Crooks’ fluctuation theorem exactly,indicating that the theorem applies not only to infinite reservoirs, but also tofinite-sized baths. The model is used to analyze measurements of 1/f-like noise from asub-micron tunnel junction.