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1.
2.
Phenomena accompanying electrochemical doping of solid fullerene films with potassium were studied by sputter ion depth profiling
(XPS and SIMS). The potassium distribution was determined, and artifacts associated with possible damage of the layer composition
caused by ion impact were investigated and discussed. To compare the charge transfer while reductive doping is taking place
at fullerene/solution interface with doping from gas phase, model layers were prepared and doped by potassium under UHV conditions.
It was found that sputtering by Ar+ primary ions yields both accurate information on the alkaline metal distribution and on its concentration. Sputtering by
O+ ions led to an enrichment of potassium, apparently due to the reactivity of oxygen with the fullerene matrix. It is shown
that the reductive doping starts at the fullerene/solution interface. The concentration of potassium in the doped films was
found to be lower than expected from the charge transferred during the electrochemical reduction. Other phase transformations
such as hydrogenation are discussed.
Received March 4, 2002; accepted July 26, 2002 相似文献
3.
Eckhard Steffen 《Discrete Mathematics》2004,280(1-3):191-214
Cubic bridgeless graphs with chromatic index four are called uncolorable. We introduce parameters measuring the uncolorability of those graphs and relate them to each other. For k=2,3, let ck be the maximum size of a k-colorable subgraph of a cubic graph G=(V,E). We consider r3=|E|−c3 and
. We show that on one side r3 and r2 bound each other, but on the other side that the difference between them can be arbitrarily large. We also compare them to the oddness ω of G, the smallest possible number of odd circuits in a 2-factor of G. We construct cyclically 5-edge connected cubic graphs where r3 and ω are arbitrarily far apart, and show that for each 1c<2 there is a cubic graph such that ωcr3. For k=2,3, let ζk denote the largest fraction of edges that can be k-colored. We give best possible bounds for these parameters, and relate them to each other. 相似文献
4.
Polymer electrolyte systems were prepared for the first time by dissolution of amidomagnesium chlorides in poly(ethylene oxide),
(PEO). For the preparation, solutions of (hexamethyldisilylamido)magnesium chloride, (dimethylpyrrolyl)magnesium chloride,
(diisopropylamido)magnesium chloride, piperidinomagnesium chloride and morpholinomagnesium chloride were chosen. The composition
of these polymer electrolyte systems corresponds to the general formula R2NMgCl·P(EO)n·THF. Most work has been done with the system (hexamethyldisilylamido)magnesium chloride in PEO, (Me3Si)2NMgCl·P(EO)n·THF, with n= 3, 4, 5, or 7. The electrolytes have a soft rubber-like consistency. At 30 °C, electrical conductivities of 10−6–10−5 S/cm were found. The conductivities were measured in the temperature range 20–60 °C. Within this temperature range a linear
dependence of the logarithms of the conductivity on the inverse temperature was found and activation energies for the conducting
process of 30–60 kJ/mol were calculated. Using those polymer electrolytes with a high content of the amidomagnesium compound,
a reversible magnesium deposition takes place by cathodic reduction at potentials below −1.9 V vs. a Ag/AgCl reference electrode.
These polymer electrolytes were found to be stable against oxidation up to about −0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
5.
Interactions of dendrimers with selected amino acids and proteins studied by continuous wave EPR and Fourier transform EPR 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ottaviani MF Jockusch S Turro NJ Tomalia DA Barbon A 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(23):10238-10245
Interactions of polyamidoamine dendrimers, termed Gn, where n indicates the generation (=number of amidoamine layers), at different protonation levels with selected amino acids and proteins have been investigated by means of continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (cw-EPR) and pulsed-EPR (electron spin-echo = ESE) analyses. A low-generation dendrimer (G2) and a high-generation one (G6) were labeled with nitroxides for the EPR measurements. Gly, Glu, Arg, and Leu were selected as representative of neutral(zwitterionic)-polar, acidic, basic, and low-polar amino acids, respectively. The water-soluble proteins alpha-chymotrypsin and albumin were selected on the basis of a basic and an acidic isoelectric point, respectively. The cw-EPR spectra were analyzed by computing the line shapes to extract information about the dendrimer-biomolecule interactions. In general, dendrimers at a high protonation level interact stronger with amino acids than those at a low level of protonation. However, even for highly protonated dendrimers, a synergistic effect between hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions promoted the formation of stable Gn-amino acid adducts, as demonstrated by the enhanced interactions with Leu. As expected from acid-base interactions, stable adducts were formed between Arg and highly protonated dendrimers and between Glu and low level protonated dendrimers. The relatively strong dendrimer interactions with the protein chymotrypsin and the poor interactions of dendrimers with albumin demonstrated that the protonated amino groups of the dendrimers are predominantly involved in the interactions with these proteins and indicated a significant role in the interactions with the dendrimers of the hydrophobic external residues of chymotrypsin. Computer-aided analysis of the ESE experiments was consistent with the cw-EPR results and supported the conclusion of a partial complexation of the nitroxides of the dendrimer with Leu and alpha-chymotrypsin. 相似文献
6.
Saito H Sivaguru J Jockusch S Inoue Y Adam W Turro NJ 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2005,(27):3424-3426
Oxazolidinone-functionalized enecarbamates undergo diastereoselective E/Z photoisomerization upon direct and triplet sensitized irradiations with chiral/achiral sensitizers, showing that the enhanced product diastereoselectivity depends on the solvent and temperature. 相似文献
7.
The localization of oncogenic Src and Ras proteins to cellular plasma membranes is critical for the proliferation of specific cancers. In addition to other lipid modifications, these proteins require posttranslational palmitoylation of specific cysteine residues by the enzyme palmitoyl acyltransferase (PAT) in order to be stably anchored at plasma membranes. Hence, the identification of inhibitors of protein palmitoylation has significant potential to define a new class of antitumor agents. However, studies of protein palmitoylation have been hindered by the dynamic and reversible nature of cysteine acylation and the lack of sensitive and convenient assays of PAT activity. To facilitate the rapid identification of compounds that affect protein palmitoylation, we report the solid-phase synthesis of a fluorescent cell-permeable palmitoyl acyltransferase substrate that mimics the N-terminus of Src family proteins. Metabolic radiolabeling and epifluorescence microscopy of Jurkat lymphocytes treated with this Src-mimetic lipopeptide revealed that this compound is palmitoylated intracellularly, which confers localization at cellular plasma membranes. Addition of the palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitic acid to substrate-treated cells blocked palmitoylation and diminished substrate-mediated plasma membrane fluorescence. Analysis of inhibition of palmitoylation by flow cytometry revealed that this fluorescent lipopeptide substrate represents a highly sensitive molecular probe of palmitoyl acyltransferase activity that enables unprecedented high-throughput assays of protein palmitoylation. 相似文献
8.
Isothiosemicarbazides 2 react with acyl isothiocyanates under addition-cyclization to yield 1,3,4-thiadiazoline-2-imines 3 as well as the isomeric 2-amino-substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-5-acylaminides 3′ . In a similar manner the 2-hydrazino-substituted 1,3-thiazoline 4 adds ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate to give the thiosemicarbazide 5 , which undergoes a rearrangement to the 1,3,4-thiadiazoline-2-imine 5′. The [2+2] cycloreversion of 3d involving ethoxycarbonyl iso(thio)cyanate and the thermal induced Dimroth rearrangement of 3′f and h are also discussed. 相似文献
9.
S. Steffen M. Otto L. Niewoehner M. Barth Z. Bro¿żek-Mucha J. Biegstraaten R. Horváth 《Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy》2007
A gunshot residue sample that was collected from an object or a suspected person is automatically searched for gunshot residue relevant particles. Particle data (such as size, morphology, position on the sample for manual relocation, etc.) as well as the corresponding X-ray spectra and images are stored. According to these data, particles are classified by the analysis-software into different groups: ‘gunshot residue characteristic’, ‘consistent with gunshot residue’ and environmental particles, respectively. Potential gunshot residue particles are manually checked and – if necessary – confirmed by the operating forensic scientist. 相似文献
10.
A determination of ethanol is described, which is based on a purging system in conjunction with a photoionization detector. With that system a fast and reliable determination of ethanol in aqueous solutions is possible. The system has been used for the analysis of wine. The 3delta-detection limit has been 0.005% ethanol, the relative standard deviation 4.8 to 6.0% and the time constant of the entire analytical system 20 s. The photoionization detector has been also applied to the analysis of artificial and genuine human breath. A comparison with gas-chromatography and non-dispersive IR-detection has been proven the reliability of results. 相似文献