Electroninitiated polymerization of bis(trichlorophenoxo)-tetramethylethylene diamine copper(II)

Electroninitiated polymerization of bis(trichlorophenoxo)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylene diamine copper(II) was achieved in acetonitrile at various peak potentials of the monomer. A constant potential approach was selected in polymerization reactions. Electrolyses were carried out under air, nitrogen, and oxygen atmospheres. Structural analyses of the polymers were done by ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR FT–IR spectroscopy. Molecular weights of the polymers were determined by vapor pressure (isopiestic) method.     

Electroinitiated Polymerization of N-Vinylcarbazole by Direct Electron Transfer

Electroinitiated polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole has been accomplished by constant potential electrolysis. It was found that direct electron transfer from the monomer to the anode initiates the polymerization even at a potential as low as +0.95 V versus Ag^?/ Ag⁺. Dichloromethane was used as the solvent, and the electrolyte was tetrabutylammonium fluoroborate. Conversions as high as 86% were reached even when a microelectrode was used. Effects of electrode area, temperature, and electrode potential on polymerization were studied. Percent conversion was followed by cyclic voltammetry.     

Polypyrrole Grafts Synthesized via Electrochemical Polymerization

Abstract

Electrically conducting polypyrrole grafts with poly[(methyl meth-acrylate)-co-(2-(N-pyrrolyl) ethyl methacrylate)] (PMMA-co-PEMA) were synthesized by constant potential electrolysis. Cyclic Voltammetry, DSC, TGA, SEM and elemental analysis were used in order to characterize the free standing films. Conductivities of the polymers were measured by a four-probe technique.     

Experimental determination of interfacial energies for Ag2Al solid solution in the CuAl2--Ag2Al system

The equilibrated grain boundary groove shapes of solid solution Ag2Al in equilibrium with an Al-Cu-Ag liquid were observed from a quenched sample with a radial heat flow apparatus.The Gibbs-Thomson coefficient,solid-liquid interfacial energy and grain boundary energy of the solid solution Ag2Al have been determined from the observed grain boundary groove shapes.The thermal conductivity of the solid phase and the thermal conductivity ratio of the liquid phase to solid phase for Ag2Al-28.3 at the %CuAl2 alloy at the melting temperature have also been measured with a radial heat flow apparatus and Bridgman type growth apparatus,separately.     

Integration of paper-based microfluidic devices with commercial electrochemical readers

The combination of simple Electrochemical Micro-Paper-based Analytical Devices (EμPADs) with commercially available glucometers allows rapid, quantitative electrochemical analysis of a number of compounds relevant to human health (e.g., glucose, cholesterol, lactate, and alcohol) in blood or urine.     

A two‐grid stabilization method for solving the steady‐state Navier‐Stokes equations

We formulate a subgrid eddy viscosity method for solving the steady‐state incompressible flow problem. The eddy viscosity does not act on the large flow structures. Optimal error estimates are obtained for velocity and pressure. The numerical illustrations agree completely with the theoretical results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005     

(−)‐Englerin A is a Potent and Selective Activator of TRPC4 and TRPC5 Calcium Channels

Current therapies for common types of cancer such as renal cell cancer are often ineffective and unspecific, and novel pharmacological targets and approaches are in high demand. Here we show the unexpected possibility for the rapid and selective killing of renal cancer cells through activation of calcium‐permeable nonselective transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) calcium channels by the sesquiterpene (?)‐englerin A. This compound was found to be a highly efficient, fast‐acting, potent, selective, and direct stimulator of TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. TRPC4/5 activation through a high‐affinity extracellular (?)‐englerin A binding site may open up novel opportunities for drug discovery aimed at renal cancer.