Structural conversions of rhodamines in solution

A study has been made of the acidic ionization, structural conversions, and prototropic tautomerism of rhodamine chromogens in methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide, using IR, ¹³ C NMR, and electronic spectroscopy. The lactone structure has been established for the colorless form of rhodamines in DMSO. For rhodamine B in mixtures of water with DMSO, the lactone/zwitterion ratio has been estimated.V. I. Vernadskii Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117975. Khar'kov State University, Khar'kov 310077. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 512–521, March, 1992.     

Formation of Hydroxide Complexes in the Fe3 +-Cd2 +-NO3 --H2O System

Hydrolysis in the Fe^{3 +}-Cd^{2 +}-NO₃ ^--H₂O system was studied by spectrophotometry, pH-metric titration, dialysis, and sorption techniques. Mutual influence of cations in their hydrolytic and sorption behavior was discussed from the viewpoint of the heteronuclear complex formation.     

Influence of ammonia on propane oxidation over a gallium-antimony oxide catalyst

The influence of ammonia on propane oxidation over a Ga–Sb oxide catalyst has been studied. Acrylonitrile is formed upon the interaction of acrolein with partially dehydrogenated ammonia. Ammonia increases the rates of overall and selective oxidation of propane. This is assumed to be due to the formation of electron-donor sites promoting proton separation from the propane molecule.

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. , . . , , .

     

Formation of allyl radicals in the adsorption of propylene on zinc oxide

It has been found by the ESR technique that the adsorption of propylene on zinc oxide leads to the formation of a -allyl radical. It is suggested that the radical species of the surface allyl compound on this catalyst is responsible for its high selectivity in the dehydroaromatization of propylene to benzene.

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IR spectroscopic studies of adiponitrile and ammonia adsorption over Ti?Sb?O catalyst

Rate constants for the aminolysis of o-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) cyclopentanone oxime with several primary alkylamines, C₂H₅NH₂–C₆H₁₃NH₂ and one secondary arylamine, purrolidine, in 11 water-acetonitrile are reported. With primary amines, base catalysis is absent, while with pyrrolidine saturation catalysis has been observed. Reduction in size of nonconjugated oxime moiety (leaving group), drastically decreases the rates. Thermodynamic parameters for these reactions have also been calculated.

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O-(2,4-) (C₂H₅NH₂–C₆H₁₃NH₂) , , : =11. , . ( ) . .

     

Oxidative conversion of butane and pentane on superacid catalysts

Catalytic properties of AlBr₃, AlBr₃–CuCl₂ and AlBr₃–NiSO₄ in liquid-phase conversion of butane and pentane have been examined. A possibility for the oxidative condensation has been revealed due to both the stoichiometric reduction of Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions entering into the composition of superacid catalysts, and the catalytic oxidation in the presence of bromine as an oxidant. Nature of the centers responsible for the oxidative condensation of lower paraffins is discussed.

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AlBr₃; AlBr₃–CuCl₂; AlBr₃–NiSO₄ . , Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, , . , .

     

On the mechanism of propylene oxidation over gallium-molybdenum oxide catalysts

The products of selective oxidation are shown to be formed via a stepwise mechanism with participation of surface allylic complexes. A successive transformation of -allyl to -allyl and further to acrolein is possible. The products of complete oxidation may be formed through surface carbonate-carboxylate complexes via either a stepwise mechanism involving the catalyst's oxygen, or a concerted mechanism with the participation of molecular oxygen.

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, . - -, . - , .

     

Lower estimates in the “large sieve”

One investigates the problem of the accuracy of upper estimates by the method of the large sieve.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 91, pp. 125–133, 1979.