Riemannian geometry of strong-laser plasma

The optical metric for a strong-laser plasma is derived. The affine connection and curvature related to the optical metric are given and their spatial distributions are studied numerically.     

Necessary and sufficient condition of the existence of global Hopf bifurcation for Hamiltonian systems

ForH C ² (,R) where 0 R ²ⁿ ,H (0)=0 and detH(0)0, the paper proves that there is a global Hopf bifurcation fromx=0 for Hamiltonian systemx=JH(x) iffJH(0)possesses purely imaginary eigenvalues. The work improves the corresponding result of J.C.Alexander and J. Yorke (Amer. J. Math., 100 (1978), 263–292).     

Synthesis of terpinyl acetate using octadecylamine ethoxylate ionic liquids as catalysts

Terpinyl acetate, an important natural flavor, can be synthesized by esterification of α-pinene with acetic acid under acidic conditions. In this work, seven acidic ionic liquids were first synthesized, using octadecylamine ethoxylates (AC 1810, AC 1815, AC 1820, and AC 1830) as the cations, and characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The ionic liquids were then used as catalysts in the synthesis of terpinyl acetate. The effect of preparation conditions on catalyst performance was examined. It was found that the acidic ionic liquid 1-(3-sulfonic acid)propyl-3-poly(ethylene glycol) octadecylamine polyoxyethylene ether tetrafluoroborate ([PAC1815]⁺[BF₄]^?) was an excellent catalyst for synthesis of terpinyl acetate. The effects of the conditions used for preparation of terpinyl acetate were examined in detail, and the optimum preparation conditions were obtained. Under the optimum conditions, the yield of terpinyl acetate reached 35.70 %. When the catalyst was reused for the 5th time, the yield of terpinyl acetate was still 32.00 %. The results showed that effective separation and recycling of catalyst could contribute to developing a new strategy for synthesis of terpinyl acetate.     

A Tri-state Fluorescent Switch with “Gated” Solid-state Photochromism Induced by an External Force

Mr. Chen Qian, Dr. Zhimin Ma, Mr. Jianwei Liu, Mrs. Xue Zhang, Prof. Shitao Wang and Prof. Zhiyong Ma. In this article, we report a newly designed molecule composed of a dihydroazulene (DHA) group and a phenothiazine (PTZ) moiety, which achieves aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE), mechanochromism and “gated” solid-state photochromism upon stimulation by an external force. Grinding loosens intermolecular interactions in the crystal and causes a red-shift of fluorescence from 570 nm to 600 nm. Meanwhile, the ring-opening reaction of DHA unit is activated by grinding and a remarkable photochromism could be observed from the grinded powder. The reddish emission of the grinded powder peaked at 600 nm weakened gradually and finally became dark, and a new absorption band at 470 nm emerged in the absorption spectra. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculation results reveal that the intramolecular intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) process is replaced by a locally excited (LE) emission on the DHA group, which leads to the quenching of fluorescence. Its impressive photochromic property inspired us to a simple but effective way to develop an encryption system which can let the correct information be displayed upon external stimulation.     

Synthesis of a highly active amino‐functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2/APTS/Ru magnetic nanocomposite catalyst for hydrogenation reactions

An amino‐functionalized silica‐coated Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/APTS) was synthesized. The Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ microspheres possessed a well‐defined core–shell structure, uniform sizes and high magnetization. An immobilized ruthenium nanoparticle catalyst (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/APTS/Ru) was obtained after coordination and reduction of Ru³⁺ on the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/APTS nanocomposite. The Ru nanoparticles were not only ultra‐small with nearly monodisperse sizes but also had strong affinity with the surface of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/APTS. The obtained catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the hydrogenation of a variety of aromatic nitro compounds, even at room temperature. Moreover, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂/APTS/Ru was easily recovered using a magnetic field and directly reused for at least five cycles without significant loss of its activity.     

A Direct and Rapid Route to Synthesize Pd/Si‐MCM‐41 at Room Temperature

The pure silica mesoporous molecular sieve MCM‐41 was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Pd/Si‐MCM‐41 was prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation of pure silica MCM‐41 with mixed solution of PdCl₂, ethanol and CH₂Cl₂. The samples were characterized by x‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms at 77 K. The XRD and TEM results reveal that Pd is actually anchored inside the pores of Si‐MCM‐41 and the Si‐MCM‐41 structure is clearly maintained after impregnation.     

N-杂环卡宾催化合成取代γ-丁内酯研究进展

取代γ-丁内酯是一类非常重要的精细化学品。N-杂环卡宾(NHC)催化α,β-不饱和醛发生共轭极性反转后,与芳香醛、三氟甲基酮、酮酸酯或邻二酮等发生环化反应可一步生成不同取代的γ-丁内酯化合物。该方法具有原子经济性高、路径简捷、反应条件温和等明显的优势。本文主要结合笔者课题组的研究方向,从不同催化剂前体和不同反应底物两方面进行分类,介绍近年来NHC催化合成取代γ-丁内酯的方法及其研究进展,归纳总结了不同催化体系的优缺点,并在此基础上展望了NHC催化合成取代γ-丁内酯反应的发展趋势和应用前景。     

磁性碱木素胺稳定的Ru纳米粒子催化α-蒎烯加氢反应

通过Mannich反应在碱木素结构中引入胺源,再结合共沉淀法制备了包裹Fe₃O₄磁核的稳定金属粒子的碱木素胺载体,并进一步构建了催化可再生资源α-蒎烯加氢反应的Ru纳米粒子催化剂.通过元素分析、粉末X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱、透射电子显微镜、热重分析和X射线光电子能谱等方法对该催化剂进行表征.结果表明,碱木素中的苯环和含氧基团均对金属粒子有稳定作用,但胺源的引入可更加有效地稳定金属粒子.经过对催化剂制备工艺、木质素类型、胺源类型和胺源含量的筛选,得到活性最优的催化剂Fe₃O₄@0.8ALN₁-Ru,Ru负载量为1.92 mmol/g,Ru粒子粒径为（2.1±0.5）nm.该催化剂在n（α-蒎烯）/n（Ru）=65.8,1 MPa H₂条件下70℃催化1 mL α-蒎烯加氢反应2 h,可获得99.64%的α-蒎烯转化率和96.52%的顺式蒎烷选择性,并表现出良好的重复使用稳定性.     

HIRFL-CSR外靶装置上的放射性束实验数据分析方法研究

开发了HIRFL-CSR外靶实验装置的大型数据分析程序(ANAETF),并成功应用于核物理实验数据分析。详细阐述了该程序中的数据分析流程、漂移室寻迹算法、粒子鉴别方法和反应截面提取技术。利用本程序分析了240 MeV/u能量下12C次级束流打碳靶的实验数据,实现了清楚的碳和硼剩余核的粒子鉴别,总探测效率达到 ~90%,本工作提取的反应截面与已有的实验结果符合较好。     

有机-无机杂多酸类离子液体催化汽油超声氧化脱硫

合成了一系列有机-无机杂多酸类离子液体, 并将其应用于超声作用下的催化模拟汽油氧化脱硫反应. 结果表明, 在超声波辅助下, 不仅反应时间大大缩短, 而且脱硫效率也大幅提高. 在合成的一系列催化剂中, Zr_0.25[BMIM]HPW₁₂O₄₀表现出最佳的催化活性. 考察了超声波功率、 超声/间隙时间、 催化剂用量、 H₂O₂用量、 反应温度及反应时间等因素对脱硫效果的影响. 以Zr_0.25[BMIM]HPW₁₂O₄₀为催化剂, 在优化的条件下[n(Cat.)=0.008 mmol, V(H₂O₂)=40 μL, V(模拟油)=10 mL, V(乙腈)=1 mL, 温度25 ℃, 时间10 min, 超声功率300 W, 超声时间2 s, 间隙时间1.5 s], 二苯并噻吩(DBT)的脱硫率达到97.8%; 该催化剂循环使用5次后, 脱硫率仍为81.9%; 其对不同硫化物的催化活性顺序为DBT>4,6-二甲基苯并噻吩(4,6-DMDBT)>乙硫醚>苯硫醚>正丁硫醇>甲基苯基硫醚>苯并噻吩(BT)>噻吩.