Controlled synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from a Zn(II) coordination polymer: Structural characterization,optical properties and photocatalytic activity

A zinc coordination polymer derived from pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate (PDC), {[Zn₂(PDC)₂]}_n, was successfully prepared via conventional, sonication and microwave-irradiation methods. The composition and characteristics of the obtained coordination polymers (CPs) were investigated by elemental analysis, TGA/DTA, X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic techniques. The so obtained CPs were heat-treated in the air at 600 °C for 2 h to produce ZnO of nanosized particles (NPs). It is of interest to note that the synthesis approach of the precursor greatly affects both the nanoparticle size and the structure of the resulting ZnO NPs. Moreover, the smallest particle size was associated with the sample derived from the ultrasonically prepared precursor. TEM analysis revealed that all samples have sphere-like morphologies. Structural analysis of the prepared ZnO samples was conducted and compared using Rietveld analysis of their PXRD patterns. Optical band gap calculations based on analysis of the UV–vis spectra of ZnO samples using Tauc's power law were achieved. The highest band gap of 3.63 eV was observed for ZnO sample obtained from the ultrasonically prepared precursor. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of ZnO NPs for the removal of Eosin Y color was monitored. The highest removal efficiency was recorded for ZnO originated from the ultrasonically synthesized precursor. Enhancement of removal efficiency that reached 98% was attained in only a period of 8 min. Its recycling test showed that it can be reused without structural changes over four cycling experiments.     

Well-Posedness by Perturbations of Variational Problems

In this paper, we consider the extension of the notion of well-posedness by perturbations, introduced by Zolezzi for optimization problems, to other related variational problems like inclusion problems and fixed-point problems. Then, we study the conditions under which there is equivalence of the well-posedness in the above sense between different problems. Relations with the so-called diagonal well-posedness are also given. Finally, an application to staircase iteration methods is presented.     

Exact controllability of infinite dimensional systems persists under small perturbations

This paper studies the concept of controllability for infinite-dimensional linear control systems in Banach spaces. First, we prove that the set of admissible control operators for the semigroup generator is unchanged if we perturb the generator by the Desch–Schappacher perturbations. Second we show that exact controllability is not changed by such perturbations.     

Study of the contraction flow using grid generation technique

We study a model procedure to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on the flow inside contraction geometry. The governing equations are expressed in the primitive variable formulation. A rectangular computational plane is arises by elliptic grid generation technique. The numerical solution is based on a technique of automatic numerical generation of a curvilinear coordinate system. By transformed the governing equation into computational plane. The time dependent momentum equations are solved explicitly for the velocity field using the explicit marching procedure, the continuity equation is applied at each grid point in the solution of pressure equation, while the successive over relaxation (SOR) method is used for the Neumann problem for pressure. We will apply the technique on several irregular-shape.     

Numerical simulations for the contraction flow using grid generation

We study the incomprssible Navier Stokes equations for the flow inside contraction geometry. The governing equations are expressed in the vorticity-stream function formulations. A rectangular computational domain is arised by elliptic grid generation technique. The numerical solution is based on a technique of automatic numerical generation of acurvilinear coordinate system by transforming the governing equation into computational plane. The transformed equations are approximated using central differences and solved simultaneously by successive over relaxation iteration. The time dependent of the vorticity equation solved by using explicit marching procedure. We will apply the technique on several irregularshapes.     

The deoxygenation kinetics of new oxovanadium(IV) complexes

Summary The deoxygenation reaction kinetics of some monomeric, dimeric and polymeric oxovanadium(IV) complexes with SOCl₂ have been studied by the stopped-flow technique in DMF. The reaction is bimolecular and obeys second-order kinetics; first-order in both SOCl₂ and complex. The polymeric halogeno product decays with time, but at a rate much slower compared to the rate of its formation. The correlation observed between the structure of these complexes and their reactivities is discussed.     

Task Specific Onium Salts and Ionic Liquids as Soluble Supports in Grieco ’s Multicomponent Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines

In this work was presented an application of the use of task specific onium salts (TSOSs) as soluble supports in Grieco’s multicomponent synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines. These soluble supports are of wide applicability and combine advantages of solid phase synthesis without its limitations with those of solution phase chemistry. After a simple washing step, products were cleaved from the supports and obtained in pure form and good yields.     

Recent developments in the statistical processing of textual data

Statisticians are accustomed to processing numerical, ordinal or nominal data. In many circumstances, such as socio-economic, epidemiologic sample surveys and documentary data bases, this data is juxtaposed with textual data (for example, responses to open questions in surveys). This article presents a series of language-independent procedures based upon applying multivariate techniques (such as correspondence analysis and clustering) to sets of generalized lexical profiles. The generalized lexical profile of a text is a vector whose components are the frequencies of each word (graphical form) or ‘repeated segment’ (sequence of words appearing with a significant frequency in the text). The processing of such large (and often sparse) vectors and matrices requires special algorithms. The main outputs are the following: (1) printouts of the characteristic words and characteristic responses for each category of respondent (these categories are generally derived from available nominal variables); (2) graphical displays of the proximities between words or segments and categories of respondents; (3) when analysing a combination of several texts: graphical displays of proximities between words or segments and each text, or between words or segments and groupings of texts. The systematic use of ‘repeated segments’ provides a valuable help in interpreting the results from a semantic point of view.