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Titration microcalorimetry is used to study the influences of iodide, bromide, and chloride counterions on the aggregation of vesicle-forming 1-methyl-4-(2-pentylheptyl)pyridinium halide surfactants. Formation of vesicles by these surfactants was characterised using transmission electron microscopy. When the counterion is changed at 303 K through the series iodide, bromide, to chloride, the critical vesicular concentration (cvc) increases and the enthalpy of vesicle formation changes from exo- to endothermic. With increase in temperature to 333 K, vesicle formation becomes strongly exothermic. Increasing the temperature leads to a decrease in enthalpy and entropy of vesicle formation for all three surfactants. However the standard Gibbs energy for vesicle formation is, perhaps surprisingly, largely unaffected by an increase in temperature, as a consequence of a compensating change in both standard entropy and standard enthalpy of vesicle formation. Interestingly, standard isobaric heat capacities of vesicle formation are negative, large in magnitude but not strikingly dependent on the counterion. We conclude that the driving force for vesicle formation can be understood in terms of overlap of the thermally labile hydrophobic hydration shells of the alkyl chains. Copyright 2000 Academic Press. 相似文献
4.
A.?González-PérezEmail author J.?Czapkiewicz J.?M.?Ruso J.?R.?Rodríguez 《Colloid and polymer science》2004,282(10):1169-1173
The specific conductivity of dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium bromide (C12BBr) in aqueous solutions, in the temperature range of 15 to 40 °C, has been measured as a function of molality. The two breaks which were found on the conductivity against molality plots were attributed to the critical micelle concentration, cmc, and second critical micelle concentration, 2nd cmc, respectively. The ratio of the slopes, S, of the three linear fragments on the plots, S2/S1 and S3/S1, was attributed to the degree of ionization of the micelles at cmc and 2nd cmc respectively. It was shown that the values of the 2nd cmc estimated above 27 °C are only apparent due to thermal disintegration of the micelles. In the temperature range of 15 to 27 °C, the values of the 2nd cmc increase gradually and the plot of the 2nd cmc against temperature is concave. The ratio of 2nd cmc/cmc for C12BBr at 25 °C amounts to 15 and appears to be high compared to the literature values for other surfactants. For comparative purposes the cmc and 2nd cmc values were also estimated conductometrically for decyldimethylbenzylammonium bromide (C10BBr) at 25 °C. The 2nd cmc value for this surfactant is higher compared to the value for the C12 homologue by a factor of 2.6.The standard Gibbs free energies of micellization at cmc and at the 2nd cmc were estimated from the experimental data for both surfactants at 25 °C. 相似文献
5.
de Farias RF de Souza JM de Melo JV Airoldi C 《Journal of colloid and interface science》1999,212(1):123-129
The effects exhibited by adsorbed conducting polyaniline on the redox process on a molybdenum oxide surface were studied. Thermogravimetric results indicate a 4% polyaniline deposition. Cyclic voltammograms of the adsorbed polymer on MoO3 show that polyaniline exerts remarkable effects on the molybdenum blue oxidation-reduction process, with oxidation and reduction potentials of 0.33 and 0.18 V, respectively. This effect strongly enhances the electrode response, and can be used as an important tool in qualitative and/or quantitative determinations of molybdenum in solution as well as in any substrate. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. 相似文献
6.
Supershell structure in alkali metal nanowires 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nanowires are formed by indenting and subsequently retracting two pieces of sodium metal. Their cross section gradually reduces upon retraction and the diameters can be obtained from the conductance. In previous work we have demonstrated that when one constructs a histogram of diameters from large numbers of indentation-retraction cycles such histograms show a periodic pattern of stable nanowire diameters due to shell structure in the conductance modes. Here, we report the observation of a modulation of this periodic pattern, in agreement with predictions of a supershell structure. 相似文献
7.
Elena Blanco Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu Pablo Schulz Juan M. Ruso 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2010,341(2):261-266
In this work we studied and compared the physicochemical properties of the catanionic mixtures cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide–sodium dodecanoate, cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide–sodium perfluorodacanoate, octyltrimethylammonium bromide–sodium perfluorodacanoate and cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide–sodium octanoate by a combination of rheological, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and polarized optical microscopy measurements. The binary mixtures of the surfactants have been analyzed at different mixed ratios and total concentration of the mixture. Mixtures containing a perfluorinated surfactant are able to form lamellar liquid crystals and stable spontaneous vesicles. Meanwhile, system containing just hydrogenated surfactants form hexagonal phases or they are arranged in elongated aggregates. 相似文献
8.
A coupled-channel approach incorporating quasi-bound quark-model states has been used to calculate pion-nucleon scattering amplitudes in the P11 and S11 partial waves and the corresponding pion electro-production amplitudes. The method allows for the extraction of the resonant part of the amplitudes even in the presence of different decay channels and a strong mixing of neighbouring resonances. We demonstrate the important role of the pion cloud at large distances, as opposed to the short-distance behaviour governed by the quark core. 相似文献
9.
Elena Blanco J. M. Ruso J. Sabín G. Prieto F. Sarmiento 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2007,87(1):211-215
The interactions of lysozyme and myoglobin with anionic surfactants
(hydrogenated and fluorinated), at surfactant concentrations below the critical
micelle concentration, in aqueous solution were studied using spectroscopic
techniques. The temperature conformational transition of globular proteins
by anionic surfactants was analysed as a function of denaturant concentration
through absorbance measurements at 280 nm. Changes in absorbance of protein-surfactant
system with temperature were used to determine the unfolding thermodynamics
parameters, melting temperature, T
m,
enthalpy, ΔH
m,
entropy, ΔS
m
and the heat capacity change, ΔC
p,
between the native and denatured states. 相似文献
10.
Alves GA Amato S Anjos JC Appel JA Astorga J Bracker SB Cremaldi LM Darling CL Dixon RL Errede D Fenker HC Gay C Green DR Halling AM Jedicke R Karchin PE Kwan S Leuking LH Mantsch PM de Mello Neto JR Metheny J Milburn RH de Miranda JM da Motta Filho H Napier A Passmore D Rafatian A dos Reis AC Ross WR Santoro AF Sheaff M Souza MH Spalding WJ Stoughton C Streetman ME Summers DJ Takach SF Wallace A Wu Z 《Physical review D: Particles and fields》1994,49(9):R4317-R4320