全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8689篇 |
免费 | 362篇 |
国内免费 | 38篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 6434篇 |
晶体学 | 36篇 |
力学 | 205篇 |
数学 | 1074篇 |
物理学 | 1340篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 70篇 |
2022年 | 221篇 |
2021年 | 288篇 |
2020年 | 208篇 |
2019年 | 206篇 |
2018年 | 118篇 |
2017年 | 126篇 |
2016年 | 355篇 |
2015年 | 281篇 |
2014年 | 307篇 |
2013年 | 476篇 |
2012年 | 623篇 |
2011年 | 690篇 |
2010年 | 408篇 |
2009年 | 367篇 |
2008年 | 571篇 |
2007年 | 552篇 |
2006年 | 494篇 |
2005年 | 434篇 |
2004年 | 397篇 |
2003年 | 329篇 |
2002年 | 279篇 |
2001年 | 80篇 |
2000年 | 86篇 |
1999年 | 72篇 |
1998年 | 60篇 |
1997年 | 64篇 |
1996年 | 90篇 |
1995年 | 73篇 |
1994年 | 66篇 |
1993年 | 38篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 34篇 |
1990年 | 36篇 |
1989年 | 44篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1987年 | 30篇 |
1986年 | 28篇 |
1985年 | 46篇 |
1984年 | 57篇 |
1983年 | 34篇 |
1982年 | 41篇 |
1981年 | 48篇 |
1980年 | 33篇 |
1979年 | 26篇 |
1978年 | 26篇 |
1977年 | 25篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1975年 | 19篇 |
1974年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有9089条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The influence of different referencing methods on the accuracy of δ13C value measurement of ethanol fuel by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
2.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Rearrangement of 2‐Oxoazepane α,α‐Amino Acids into 2′‐Oxopiperidine β2,3,3‐Amino Acids: An Example of Intramolecular Catalysis
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Dr. Diego Núñez‐Villanueva Dr. M. Ángeles Bonache Laura Lozano Dr. Lourdes Infantes Prof. José Elguero Prof. Ibon Alkorta Prof. M. Teresa García‐López Dr. Rosario González‐Muñiz Dr. Mercedes Martín‐Martínez 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(6):2489-2500
Enantiopure β‐amino acids represent interesting scaffolds for peptidomimetics, foldamers and bioactive compounds. However, the synthesis of highly substituted analogues is still a major challenge. Herein, we describe the spontaneous rearrangement of 4‐carboxy‐2‐oxoazepane α,α‐amino acids to lead to 2′‐oxopiperidine‐containing β2,3,3‐amino acids, upon basic or acid hydrolysis of the 2‐oxoazepane α,α‐amino acid ester. Under acidic conditions, a totally stereoselective synthetic route has been developed. The reordering process involved the spontaneous breakdown of an amide bond, which typically requires strong conditions, and the formation of a new bond leading to the six‐membered heterocycle. A quantum mechanical study was carried out to obtain insight into the remarkable ease of this rearrangement, which occurs at room temperature, either in solution or upon storage of the 4‐carboxylic acid substituted 2‐oxoazepane derivatives. This theoretical study suggests that the rearrangement process occurs through a concerted mechanism, in which the energy of the transition states can be lowered by the participation of a catalytic water molecule. Interestingly, it also suggested a role for the carboxylic acid at position 4 of the 2‐oxoazepane ring, which facilitates this rearrangement, participating directly in the intramolecular catalysis. 相似文献
3.
Functional Carbazole Liquid‐Crystal Block Codendrimers with Optical and Electronic Properties
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Ismael Gracia Beatriz Feringán Prof. José Luis Serrano Dr. Roberto Termine Dr. Attilio Golemme Dr. Ana Omenat Prof. Joaquín Barberá 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(3):1359-1369
The synthesis and characterisation of a family of block codendrimers consisting of highly versatile mesogenic and carbazole‐containing 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis‐MPA) dendrons are reported. The liquid‐crystal behaviour was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, polarised‐light optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Depending on the chemical structure of the constituent dendrons, the codendrimers show lamellar or columnar mesophases. On the basis of the experimental results, models both at the molecular level and in the mesophase are proposed. The physical properties of the block codendrimers derived from the presence of the carbazole moiety in their structure were investigated: photoluminescence in solution and in the mesophase, electrochemical behaviour and hole transport. Electrodeposition of carbazole dendrons afforded a globular supramolecular conformation in which the mesogenic molecular side plays a key role. 相似文献
4.
5.
Functional Binding Surface of a β‐Hairpin VEGF Receptor Targeting Peptide Determined by NMR Spectroscopy in Living Cells
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Dr. Donatella Diana Anna Russomanno Dr. Lucia De Rosa Dr. Rossella Di Stasi Dr. Domenica Capasso Dr. Sonia Di Gaetano Dr. Alessandra Romanelli Dr. Luigi Russo Dr. Luca D. D'Andrea Prof. Roberto Fattorusso 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(1):91-95
In this study, the functional interaction of HPLW peptide with VEGFR2 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2) was determined by using fast 15N‐edited NMR spectroscopic experiments. To this aim, 15N uniformly labelled HPLW has been added to Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells. The acquisition of isotope‐edited NMR spectroscopic experiments, including 15N relaxation measurements, allowed a precise characterization of the in‐cell HPLW epitope recognized by VEGFR2. 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
Sergio Ayala‐Mar Javier Donoso‐Quezada Roberto C. Gallo‐Villanueva Victor H. Perez‐Gonzalez Jos Gonzlez‐Valdez 《Electrophoresis》2019,40(23-24):3036-3049
Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted by most cellular types that carry important biochemical compounds throughout the body with different purposes, playing a preponderant role in cellular communication. Because of their structure, physicochemical properties and stability, recent studies are focusing in their use as nanocarriers for different therapeutic compounds for the treatment of different diseases ranging from cancer to Parkinson's disease. However, current bioseparation protocols and methodologies are selected based on the final exosome application or intended use and present both advantages and disadvantages when compared among them. In this context, this review aims to present the most important technologies available for exosome isolation while discussing their advantages and disadvantages and the possibilities of being combined with other strategies. This is critical since the development of novel exosome‐based therapeutic strategies will be constrained to the effectiveness and yield of the selected downstream purification methodologies for which a thorough understanding of the available technological resources is needed. 相似文献
9.
Particularly-shaped silver nanostructures are successfully applied in many scientific fields, such as nanotechnology, catalysis, (nano)engineering, optoelectronics, and sensing. In recent years, the production of shape-controlled silver-based nanostructures and the knowledge around this topic has grown significantly. Hence, on the basis of the most recent results reported in the literature, a critical analysis around the driving forces behind the synthesis of such nanostructures are proposed herein, pointing out the important role of surface-regulating agents in driving crystalline growth by favoring (or opposing) development along specific directions. Additionally, growth mechanisms of the different morphologies considered here are discussed in depth, and critical points highlighted. 相似文献
10.
Vieira Renata Leia Demario Gaglieri Caroline de Oliveira Cristina Soltovski Ferreira Laura Teófilo Schnitzler Egon Bannach Gilbert 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2021,144(3):689-697
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Buckwheat starch is an alternative source to supply the high global demand for starch. The properties of starch can be modified through chemical and... 相似文献