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1.
G. Krill J. Durand A. Berrada N. Hassanain M.F. Ravet 《Solid State Communications》1980,35(7):547-550
We present the results of XPS and X-ray absorption measurements performed on the amorphous Sm Au and La Sm Au compounds. The XPS Sm 3d core level spectra in these compounds reveal that at the surface (5 ? 7 Å) the samarium ions present both the Sm2+ (4f6) and Sm3+ (4f5) configurations. When the concentration in samarium decreases it is shown that the Sm2+ configuration is strongly enhanced at the surface whereas the X-ray absorption measurements indicate on the contrary that in the bulk only the Sm3+ configuration is present. Comparison is made with similar findings in pure crystalline Sm and various crystalline rare earth compounds. 相似文献
2.
Experiments by Gittings, Bandyopadhyay and Durian (Europhys. Lett. 65, 414 (2004)) demonstrate that light possesses a higher probability to propagate in the liquid phase of a foam due to total
reflection. The authors term this observation photon channelling which we investigate in this article theoretically. We first
derive a central relation in the work of Gitting et al. without any free parameters. It links the photon's path-length fraction f in the liquid phase to the liquid fraction ɛ. We then construct two-dimensional Voronoi foams, replace the cell edges by
channels to represent the liquid films and simulate photon paths according to the laws of ray optics using transmission and
reflection coefficients from Fresnel's formulas. In an exact honeycomb foam, the photons show superdiffusive behavior. It
becomes diffusive as soon as disorder is introduced into the foams. The dependence of the diffusion constant on channel width
and refractive index is explained by a one-dimensional random-walk model. It contains a photon channelling state that is crucial
for the understanding of the numerical results. At the end, we shortly comment on the observation that photon channelling
only occurs in a finite range of ɛ. 相似文献
3.
The second-order partial derivative of the Stokes signal with respect to frequency and position shows a maximum or minimum at the boundary between two different strained sections. This idea is used to locate the boundary of different stress regions. Knowing the boundaries, we then fit the Brillouin spectrum at the middle between them to get the strain value. This allows a location accuracy of between 5 and 10 cm, which is shorter than the pulse length of 20 cm used in the experiment. The lowest detectable Brillouin frequency difference between two strain sections is 1.2 MHz. 相似文献
4.
J. Gautier F. Delmotte F. Bridou M.F. Ravet F. Varniere M. Roulliay A. Jerome I. Vickridge 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2007,88(4):719-725
Scandium/silicon multilayers have been deposited by magnetron sputtering and characterized by several techniques. Experimental
peak reflectances of 0.22 and 0.37 have been measured respectively at wavelengths of 40 nm and 46 nm, for 10° incidence angle.
The corresponding theoretical values for a perfect Sc/Si structure are respectively 0.38 and 0.57. In order to explain these
differences between calculated and measured reflectivity, thin film and multilayer characterizations have been done. Effects
of multilayer imperfections on the reflectivity have been estimated independently by means of simulation. Based on these results,
a new design of Sc/Si multilayer is proposed with top layer thickness optimization. With this design, the experimental peak
reflectance reaches 0.46 at a wavelength of 46 nm.
PACS 78.67.Pt; 78.66.-W; 81.15.Cd 相似文献
5.
MF Miller IA Franchi AS Sexton CT Pillinger 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》1999,13(13):1211-1217
The use of infrared laser-assisted fluorination to release oxygen from milligram quantities of silicates or other oxide mineral grains is a well-established technique. However, relatively few studies have reported the optimisation of this procedure for oxygen-17 isotope measurements. We describe here details of an analytical system using infrared (10 μm) laser-assisted fluorination, in conjunction with a dual inlet mass spectrometer of high resolving power ( approximately 250) to provide (17)O and (18)O oxygen isotope measurements from 0.5-2 mg of silicates or other oxide mineral grains. Respective precisions (1) of typically 0.08 and 0.04 per thousand are obtained for the complete analytical procedure. Departures from the mass-dependent oxygen isotope fractionation line are quantified by Delta(17)O; our precision (1) of such measurements on individual samples is shown to be +/-0.024 per thousand. In turn, this permits the offset between parallel, mass-dependent fractionation lines to be characterised to substantially greater precision than has been possible hitherto. Application of this system to investigate the (17)O versus (18)O relationship for numerous terrestrial whole-rock and mineral samples, of diverse geological origins and age, indicates that the complete data set may be described by a single, mass-dependent fractionation line of slope 0.5244+/- 0.00038 (standard error). Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
CM Silva MF Duarte ML Mira MH Florêncio K Versluis AJ Heck 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》1999,13(12):1098-1103
Fast atom bombardment, combined with high-energy collision-induced tandem mass spectrometry, has been used to investigate gas-phase metal-ion interactions with captopril, enalaprilat and lisinopril, all angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.Suggestions for the location of metal-binding sites are presented. For captopril, metal binding occurs most likely at both the sulphur and the nitrogen atom. For enalaprilat and lisinopril, binding preferably occurs at the amine nitrogen. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Ph. Zeitoun Ph. Balcou S. Bucourt F. Delmotte G. Dovillaire D. Douillet J. Dunn G. Faivre M. Fajardo K.A. Goldberg S. Hubert J.R. Hunter M. Idir S. Jacquemot S. Kazamias S. le Pape X. Levecq C.L.S. Lewis R. Marmoret P. Mercère A.S. Morlens P.P. Naulleau M.F. Ravet C. Rémond J.J. Rocca R.F. Smith P. Troussel C. Valentin L. Vanbostal 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2004,78(7-8):983-988
Metrology of XUV beams (X-ray lasers, high-harmonic generation and VUV free-electron lasers) is of crucial importance for the development of applications. We have thus developed several new optical systems enabling us to measure the optical properties of XUV beams. By use of a Michelson interferometer working as a Fourier-transform spectrometer, the line shapes of different X-ray lasers have been measured with a very high accuracy (/10-6). Achievement of the first XUV wavefront sensor has enabled us to measure the beam quality of laser-pumped as well as discharge-pumped X-ray lasers. A capillary discharge X-ray laser has demonstrated a very good wavefront allowing us to achieve an intensity as high as 3×1014 Wcm-2 by focusing with a f=5 cm mirror. The sensor accuracy has been measured using a calibrated spherical wave generated by diffraction. The accuracy has been estimated to be as good as /120 at 13 nm. Commercial developments are underway. At Laboratoire dOptique Appliquée, we are setting up a new beamline based on high-harmonic generation in order to start the femtosecond, coherent XUV optic . PACS 07.85.Nc;32.70.Jz;41.50.+h;42.15.Dp;42.55.Vc;52.70.La 相似文献
9.
The effects on the radiation response of Harwell polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) dosimeters of dose-rate, radiation type, temperature during irradiation and post-irradiation storage, and post-irradiation stability, are of importance to the operators of commercial irradiation facilities.
This paper describes recent studies of the effects of some of these parameters on the radiation response of Harwell Red 4034, Amber 3042, and Gammachrome YR Perspex dosimeters, and provides data on batch to batch variation and shelf-life. 相似文献
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