Unusually Large P.M.R. Coupling Constants in II-Allyl Palladium Complexes

In previously reported p.m.r. studies of II-allyl Palladium complexes it has been found that syn-syn couplings are much larger than syn-anti and anti-anti couplings^1,2, these latter couplings being of the order of zero. In the course of studies in our laboratories on various II-allyl Palladium complexes we have found that in some cases syn-anti couplings of similar magnitude to syn-syn couplings, and that the line shape of the anti proton resonances indicate the presence of anti-anti unresolved couplings.     

Numerical analysis of SOA performance over a wide optical bandwidth in a CO-OFDM transmission system

We present a numerical analysis of the impact of the optical amplification by semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) in a Coherent Optical-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing transmission link at 100 Gb/s. The numerical modeling of SOA is developed to be able to simulate all of nonlinear effects of the SOA, particularly four-wave mixing effect. This model is integrated into a co-simulation platform to perform a simulation at a system level. Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) measurement is given with respect to the number of subcarriers and phase-amplitude coupling. We show also the dependence of the EVM at the signal wavelength by performing our simulations on a wide optical bandwidth, taking into account the main parameters of the SOA—such as the phase-amplitude coupling factor, the saturation power and the noise figure—that influence the non-linear effects.