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David A. M. C. van de Vijver Mattia C. F. Prosperi José J. Ramasco 《The European physical journal. Special topics》2013,222(6):1403-1411
We are reviewing the literature regarding sexual networks and HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa and Europe. On Likoma Island in Malawi, a sexual network was reconstructed using a sociometric survey in which individuals named their sexual partners. The sexual network identified one giant component including half of all sexually active individuals. More than 25% of respondents were linked through independent chains of sexual relations. HIV was more common in the sparser regions of the network due to over-representation of groups with higher HIV prevalence. A study from KwaZulu-Natal in South-Africa collected egocentric data about sexual partners and found that new infections in women in a particular area was associated with the number of life-time partners in men. Data about sexual networks and HIV transmission are not reported in Europe. It is, however, found that the annual number of sexual partners follows a scale-free network. Phylogenetic studies that determine genetic relatedness between HIV isolates obtained from infected individuals, found that patients in the early stages of infections explain a high number of new infections. In conclusion, the limited information that is available suggest that sexual networks play a role in spread of HIV. Obtaining more information about sexual networks can be of benefit for modeling studies on HIV transmission and prevention. 相似文献
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R. Bernabei P. Belli F. Montecchia F. Nozzoli F. Cappella A. Incicchitti D. Prosperi R. Cerulli C.J. Dai H.L. He H.H. Kuang J.M. Ma X.H. Ma X.D. Sheng Z.P. Ye R.G. Wang Y.J. Zhang 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2008,53(2):205-213
The channeling effect of low energy ions along the crystallographic axes and planes of NaI(Tl) crystals is discussed in the
framework of corollary investigations on WIMP dark matter candidates. In fact, the modeling of this existing effect implies
a more complex evaluation of the luminosity yield for low energy recoiling Na and I ions. In the present paper related phenomenological
arguments are developed and possible implications are discussed at some extent.
PACS 95.35.+d 相似文献
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R. Bernabei P. Belli F. Montecchia W. Di Nicolantonio G. Ignesti A. Incicchitti D. Prosperi C. J. Dai L. K. Ding H. H. Kuang J. M. Ma 《Physics letters. [Part B]》1999,450(4):40
The results achieved with a statistics of 14962 kg·day, collected with the large mass highly radiopure DAMA NaI(Tl) set-up, are described and investigated in terms of WIMP annual modulation signature. A maximum likelihood analysis of these data, combined with the statistics of 4549 kg·day previously published (total statistics of 19511 kg·day), favours the hypothesis of presence of an annual modulation at 99.6% C.L. 相似文献
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Summary In this note we investigate the possibility to identify a “dark matter” signal by means of low-background anisotropic scintillators. 相似文献
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Baldicchi M Nesterenko AV Prosperi GM Shirkov DV Simolo C 《Physical review letters》2007,99(24):242001
We exploit theoretical results on the meson spectrum within the framework of a Bethe-Salpeter (BS) formalism adjusted for QCD, in order to extract an experimental coupling alpha(s)exp (Q2) below 1 GeV by comparison with the data. Our results for alpha(s)exp (Q2) exhibit a good agreement with the infrared safe analytic perturbation theory (APT) coupling from 1 GeV down to 200 MeV. As a main result, we claim that the combined BS-APT theoretical scheme provides us with a rather satisfactory correlated understanding of very high- and low-energy phenomena. 相似文献
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The gas entrainment in a hollow cone spray submitted to variable density is studied experimentally in order to better understand
the effect on mixture formation. Particle image velocimetry on fluorescent tracers, associated with a specific processing
of the instantaneous velocity fields have been applied to obtain measurement in the close vicinity of the spray edge. In the
“quasi-steady” region of the spray, important effect of the ambient density on the mass flow rate of entrained gas
have been pointed out. The axial evolution of is in good agreement with an integral model that takes the momentum exchange between phases into account. 相似文献
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R. Bernabei P. Belli R. Cerulli F. Montecchia M. Amato A. Incicchitti D. Prosperi C.J. Dai H.L. He H.H. Kuang J.M. Ma 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2002,23(1):61-64
In this paper, the model independent annual modulation effect observed by DAMA during four independent experiments of one
annual cycle each (57986 kg day total statistics) is analysed in terms of a particle dark matter candidate which can only inelastically scatter by making
a transition to a slightly heavier state, as previously suggested in the literature.
Received: 4 October 2001 / Revised version: 16 November 2001 / Published online: 20 December 2001 相似文献
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R. Bernabei P. Belli F. Cappella R. Cerulli C. J. Dai A. d’Angelo H. L. He A. Incicchitti H. H. Kuang X. H. Ma F. Montecchia F. Nozzoli D. Prosperi X. D. Sheng Z. P. Ye 《Foundations of Physics》2010,40(7):900-916
The DAMA project is an observatory for rare processes and it is operative deep underground at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the I.N.F.N. In particular, the DAMA/LIBRA (Large sodium Iodide Bulk for RAre processes) set-up consists of highly radiopure NaI(Tl) detectors for a total sensitive exposed mass of ?250 kg. Recent results, obtained by this set-up by exploiting the model independent annual modulation signature of Dark Matter (DM) particles, have confirmed and improved those obtained by the former DAMA/NaI experiment. A model independent evidence for the presence of Dark Matter particles in the galactic halo is cumulatively obtained at 8.2?σ C.L. No systematics or side reactions able to account for the measured modulation amplitude and to contemporaneously satisfy all the many specific requirements of the signature have been found or suggested by anyone over more than a decade. An example of one of the many possible model dependent corollary quests for the candidate particles and for the related astrophysical, nuclear and particle physics scenarios is presented considering the whole cumulative exposure. Future perspectives are shortly addressed. 相似文献