热致型液晶聚合物的等温和非等温晶化动力学

利用等温和非等温方法详细研究了芳香族聚酯──热致型聚合物对，对’－联苯二甲酸二辛酯的结晶相和液晶相形成机理，并计算了相变过程中的表面自由能与温度系数，研究结果表明：从介晶相开始的结晶过程是二维异相成核、三维线性增长的，而从各向同性液相开始的液晶相形成过程则是二维异相成核二维线性增长的．对两个晶化过程的表面自由能的研究表明，该聚合物液晶相形成过程的相转变表面自由能比结晶过程小得多，预示了它将具有更大的晶化速率．研究还发现，该聚合物的液晶相形成过程具有比结晶过程大得多的温度敏感性．     

Electrospun composite nanofibers for functional applications

In this article an outline of studies conducted to date utilizing the process of electrospinning is presented. This overview for the first time focuses on research of composite nanofiber synthesis and their applications. The phenomenon of bringing materials to the nanometer scale not only improves their properties, but also creates entirely new ones. The electrospinning technique is a simple and versatile method that offers a time and cost effective production of strategic combinations of polymer and composites nanofibers useful for numerous applications highlighted in this review. The future prospects of the field are also examined.     

Nano- sensing and catalysis technologies for managing food-water-energy (FEW) resources in farming

As the world population grows and new environmental, sustainability, and security challenges emerge, it becomes critical to consider and propose solutions for problems at the nexus of Food, Water, and Energy (FEW). These three are key resources critical for the human health and welfare. Managing effectively the FEW resources in the context of farming, while focusing on lactation cattle, is the theme of this work. The solutions presented here are based on nano-sensing and catalysis. Novel gas sensing technologies are described that can monitor the health of the livestock, monitor the feed conversion efficiency in their feed, and help reduce the water footprint related to the production of animal products (such as milk). Water quality control and water clean-up technologies along with energy harvesting tools based on nanofibrous mats are also presented; these help reduce the carbon footprint of the farming processes. Implementing these integrated systems in any agricultural facility will promote the sustainable production of meat and meat products.     

Beziehung zwischen der Intrinsicviskosit?t und dem Molekulargewicht von Cellulose-Fraktionen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Fabrication and characterization of polycrystalline WO3 nanofibers and their application for ammonia sensing

We describe the fabrication and characterization of tungsten oxide nanofibers using the electrospinning technique and sol-gel chemistry. Tungsten isopropoxide sol-gel precursor was incorporated into poly(vinyl acetate)(PVAc)/DMF solutions and electrospun to form composite nanofibers. The as-spun composite nanofibers were subsequently calcinated to obtain pure tungsten oxide nanofibers with controllable diameters of around 100 nm. SEM and TEM were utilized to investigate the structure and morphology of tungsten oxide nanofibers before and after calcination. The relationship between solution concentration and ceramic nanofiber morphology has been studied. A synchrotron-based in situ XRD method was employed to study the dynamic structure evolution of the tungsten oxide nanofibers during the calcination process. It has been shown that the as-prepared tungsten oxide ceramic nanofibers have a quick response to ammonia with various concentrations, suggesting potential applications of the electrospun tungsten oxide nanofibers as a sensor material for gas detection.