Numerical investigation of flow boiling characteristics of water in a rectangular microchannel

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In the case of flow boiling, the prediction of vapour fraction in the horizontal microchannel is a severe issue using the numerical technique....     

Working group report: Quantum chromodynamics

This is the report of the subgroup QCD of Working Group-4 at WHEPP-9. We present the activities that had taken place in the subgroup and report some of the partial results arrived at following the discussion at the working group meetings.     

（0,1;0）-INTERPOLATION ON INFINITE INTERVAL （-∞, ＋∞）

In this paper, we study the explicit representation and convergence of （0, 1;0）-interpolation on infisite interval, which means to determine a polynomial of degree ≤ 3n - 2 when the function values areprescribed at two set of points namely the zeros of Hn（x） and H′n （x） and the first derivatives at the zerosof H′n（x）.     

Partitioning arrangements of lines II: Applications

In this paper we present efficient deterministic algorithms for various problems involving lines or segments in the plane, using the partitioning algorithm described in a companion paper [A3]. These applications include: (i) anO(m ^2/3 n ^2/3 · log^2/3 n · log^/3 (m/n)+(m+n) logn) algorithm to compute all incidences betweenm points andn lines, where is a constant <3.33; (ii) anO(m ^2/3 n ^2/3 · log^5/3 n · log^/3 (m/n)+(m+n) logn) algorithm to computem faces in an arrangement ofn lines; (iii) anO(n ^4/3 log^(+2)/3 n) algorithm to count the number of intersections in a set ofn segments; (iv) anO(n ^4/3 log^{( + 2)/3} n) algorithm to count red-blue intersections between two sets of segments, and (v) anO(n ^3/2 log^/3 n) algorithm to compute spanning trees with low stabbing number for a set ofn points. We also present an algorithm that, given set ofn points in the plane, preprocesses it, in timeO(nm log^+1/2 n), into a data structure of sizeO(m) forn lognmn ², so that the number of points ofS lying inside a query triangle can be computed inO((n/m) log^3/2 n) time.Work on this paper has been supported by Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-87-K-0129, by National Science Foundation Grant DCR-83-20085, and by grants from the Digital Equipment Corporation and the IBM Corporation. A preliminary version of this paper appears in theProceedings of the 5th ACM Symposium on Computational Geometry, 1989, pp. 11–22.     

Role of Surface Molecular Architecture and Energetics of Hydrogen Bonding Sites in Adsorption of Polymers and Surfactants

Hydrogen bonding is generally thought to be an ubiquitous adsorption mechanism, which often foils selective adsorption schemes. Through investigation of hydrogen bonding energy and its dependence on surface molecular architecture, it may be possible to develop new methodologies to control the adsorption of surfactants and polymeric flocculants, depressants, and dispersants used in particulate processing industries. A model system using St?ber silica spheres and polyethylene oxide, a polymer known for its ability to form hydrogen bonds, was examined. The effect of two different surface treatments of the silica particles, calcination and rehydroxylation, upon the adsorption of two polymer molecular weights was studied. The adsorption behavior was then linked to the respective surface structures via characterization of the surfaces using FTIR, NMR, and Raman techniques. In this paper role of hydrogen bonding sites and surface architecture on adsorption is discussed. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

2020 Roadmap on two-dimensional nanomaterials for environmental catalysis

This roadmap demonstrates a series of two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene, black phosphorus, oxides, layered double hydroxides, chalcogenides, bismuth-based layered compounds, MXenes, metal organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and others, for environmental catalysis.     

Interfacial and micellar properties of binary mixtures of surfactant and phospholipid in an aqueous medium

Mixed micelles formed by zwitterionic surfactant dimethyldodecylammniopropane sulfonate and short-chain phospholipid 1,2-diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in different proportions in an aqueous medium have been studied physicochemically at an air/water interface and in the bulk by using interfacial tension and pyrene fluorescence intensity measurements, respectively. The critical micellar concentration and free energies of micellization and of interfacial adsorption have been determined. The interfacial study reveals that a mixed monolayer is formed at the air/water interface by the adsorption of surfactant and phospholipid monomers. This has been confirmed by evaluating the interfacial parameters; the maximum surface excess, the minimum area per molecule of a surface-active compound, and the Gibbs surface excess related to surface pressure. The nonideality of mixing, expressed in the terms of the regular solution interaction parameter, #, has negative values over the whole mole fraction range. The negative # values indicate the mutual synergism between the surfactant and phospholipid monomers. The equilibrium distribution of components between micelle and monomer phases was evaluated using a theoretical treatment based on excess thermodynamics quantities evaluated by Motomura's formulation.     

Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles by Allium cepa L. to produce silver nano‐coated fabric and their antimicrobial evaluation

This research work was proposed to study the antimicrobial activity of the silver nanocoated fabric with the purpose of producing good dressing and clothing material. We synthesized simple, ecofriendly, cost‐effective and sustainable silver nanoparticles by using the aqueous extract of Allium cepa L. Here, A. cepa L. acts as a good reducing and capping agent that produced stable silver nanoparticles having particle size of range 36 ± 1 to 98 ± 2 nm, Poly dispersiblity index 0.234 ± 0.61 to 1.023 ± 0.33 and Zeta potential ‐12 ± 1.5 mV to ‐26 ± 1.2 mV. The effect of temperature and extract volume used was considered for optimization of synthetic procedure. The nanocoated fabric was characterized for morphological study, size (using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and zeta‐potential (Zeta Potentiometer). The presence of functional groups were observed by using attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The crystallinity and structural property of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were studied in terms of Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD). An IC₅₀ value and zone of inhibition was studied which demonstrate that the silver nanocoated fabric have an excellent antibacterial property against Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Further nanocoated fabric material was washed (with function of time 0, 10, 25, and 50 laundry cycles) and still retained their anti‐bacterial activity towards both strain. Initially there was 52 μg/ml of silver nanoparticles on the cotton fabric but after 50 laundry cycle in 500 ml of distilled water the fabric showed 92% efficiency against gram positive and 90% efficacy toward gram negative bacteria. It was found that 4.16 μg/ml nano particles leached in case of S. Aureus and 5.2 μg/mL silver nanoparticles leached in case of E. coli. Nanocoated fabric material synthesized using green synthesis was found to be economical with good resistance to washing.     

CdSe quantum dot-dispersed DOBAMBC: an electro-optical study

Cadmium selenide quantum dot (CdSe QD) has been used as a dopant in ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) 2-methylbutyl 4-(4-decyloxybenzylideneamino) cinnamate (DOBAMBC). Effect of CdSe QD in DOBAMBC on its different electro-optical (E-O) properties has been studied in the SmC* phase. The optical micrographs recorded for the pure and composite material are showing good dispersion of QDs in the FLC matrix. Micrographs of unaligned sample cell revealed that CdSe QDs induce homeotropic alignment of FLC molecules. An appreciable change in the value of E-O parameters like tilt angle, spontaneous polarisation and response time with shifting of SmA–SmC* phase transition temperature has been observed for CdSe QD–DOBAMBC composite. The observed properties of composite system have been discussed on the basis of surface properties of QDs in FLC system.