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F.A. Houle 《Chemical physics letters》1983,95(1):5-8
Mass spectrometric studies of the products of the reaction of XeF2 with silicon in the dark and under visible illumination have been carried out. The data show that photo-enchancement of the reaction is substantially different from thermal enchancement. It is proposed that photogenerated charge carries influence strongly both the overall etch rate and the reaction product distribution. 相似文献
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Frances A. Houle 《Chemical science》2021,12(17):6117
Photovoltage and photocurrents below theoretical limits in dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion systems are usually attributed to electron loss processes such as dye–electron and electrolyte–electron recombination reactions within the porous photoanode. Whether recombination is a major loss mechanism is examined here, using a multiscale reaction–diffusion computational model to evaluate system characteristics. The dye-sensitized solar cell with an I−/I3− redox couple is chosen as a simple, representative model system because of the extensive information available for it. Two photoanode architectures with dye excitation frequencies spanning 1–25 s−1 are examined, assuming two distinct recombination mechanisms. The simulation results show that although electrolyte–electron reactions are very efficient, they do not significantly impact photoanode performance within the system as defined. This is because the solution-phase electrolyte chemistry plays a key role in mitigating electron losses through coupled reactions that produce I− within the photoanode pores, thereby cycling the electrolyte species without requiring that all electrolyte reduction reactions take place at the more distantly located cathode. This is a functionally adaptive response of the chemistry that may be partly responsible for the great success of this redox couple for dye-sensitized solar cells. The simulation results provide predictions that can be tested experimentally.Interfacial electrolyte reactions in the pores of a photoanode consume electrons. The losses are offset by compensating solution-phase reactions that generate I− locally, and promote efficient dye cycling and photocurrent generation. 相似文献
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Nichole Cates Miller Roman Gysel Chad E. Miller Eric Verploegen Zach Beiley Martin Heeney Iain McCulloch Zhenan Bao Michael F. Toney Michael D. McGehee 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2011,49(7):499-503
Polymer:fullerene blends have been widely studied as an inexpensive alternative to traditional silicon solar cells. Some polymer:fullerene blends, such as blends of poly(2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (pBTTT) with phenyl‐c71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), form bimolecular crystals due to fullerene intercalation between the polymer side chains. Here we present the determination of the eutectic pBTTT:PC71BM phase diagram using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and two‐dimensional grazing incidence X‐ray scattering (2D GIXS) with in‐situ thermal annealing. The phase diagram explains why the most efficient pBTTT:PC71BM solar cells have 75–80 wt % PC71BM since these blends lie in the center of the only room‐temperature phase region containing both electron‐conducting (PC71BM) and hole‐conducting (bimolecular crystal) phases. We show that intercalation can be suppressed in 50:50 pBTTT:PC71BM blends by using rapid thermal annealing to heat the blends above the eutectic temperature, which forces PC71BM out of the bimolecular crystal, followed by quick cooling to kinetically trap the pure PC71BM phase. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011 相似文献
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Hicks JW VanBrocklin HF Wilson AA Houle S Vasdev N 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2010,15(11):8260-8278
Imaging protein kinase expression with radiolabeled small molecule inhibitors has been actively pursued to monitor the clinical potential of targeted therapeutics and treatments as well as to determine kinase receptor density changes related to disease progression. The goal of the present review is to provide an overview of the breadth of radiolabeled small molecules that have been synthesized to target intracellular protein kinases, not only for imaging in oncology, but also for other areas of interest, particularly the central nervous system. Considerable radiotracer development has focused on imaging receptor tyrosine kinases of growth factors, protein kinases A, B and C, and glycogen synthase kinase-3?. Design considerations, structural attributes and relevant biological results are summarized. 相似文献
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Wilson AA Garcia A Houle S Sadovski O Vasdev N 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2011,17(1):259-264
Carbon-11 labeled isocyanates are efficiently prepared by dehydration of [(11) C]carbamate salts, which in turn are easily formed from cyclotron-produced [(11) C]CO(2) and amines in the presence of a CO(2) fixation agent. The [(11) C]isocyanates are useful radiosynthons for the synthesis of a variety of [carbonyl-(11) C]-labeled asymmetrical ureas and carbamate esters. The method is well suited to incorporate any isotope of carbon, and is especially useful for positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers for in vivo imaging. This is demonstrated by using the method to make [carbonyl-(11) C]-6-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl cyclohexylcarbamate which is a novel radiotracer for PET imaging of fatty acid amide hydrolase. 相似文献
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Nichole P.H. Tan 《Tetrahedron letters》2008,49(26):4160-4162
The tandem Michael-Dieckmann reaction between a series of ortho-toluates and the α,β-unsaturated lactone 25 is described. The tandem reaction delivers substituted naphthopyranones in moderate (20-49%) yields, whilst limitations in the tolerance of this reaction for different substituents on the ortho-toluate are identified. 相似文献