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1.
We demonstrate the acquisition of stimulated Raman scattering spectra with the use of a single femtosecond pulse. High-resolution vibrational spectra are obtained by shifting the phase of a narrow band of frequencies within the input pulse spectrum, using spectral shaping. The vibrational lines are resolved via amplitude features formed in the spectrum after interaction with the sample. Using this technique, low-frequency Raman lines (<100 cm?1) are observed on both the Stokes and anti-Stokes sides. 相似文献
2.
E. Ma B. S. Lim M. -A. Nicolet M. Natan 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1987,44(2):157-160
The growth kinetics is characterized and the moving species is identified for the formation of Ni2Si by Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) of sequentially deposited Si and Ni films on a 100 Si substrate. The interfacial Ni2Si layer grows as the square root of time, indicating that the suicide growth process is diffusion-limited. The activation energy is 1.25±0.2 eV in the RTA temperature range of 350–450° C. The results extend those of conventional steady-state furnace annealing quite fittingly, and a common activation energy of 1.3±0.2 eV is deduced from 225° to 450° C. The marker experiment shows that Ni is the dominant moving species during Ni2Si formation by RTA, as is the case for furnace annealing. It is concluded that the two annealing techniques induce the same growth mechanisms in Ni2Si formation. 相似文献
3.
Magneto-optic tweezers were used for measurements of liquid-crystal-mediated forces between spherical beads with tangential anchoring in thin nematic samples. Repulsive force, which results from the quadrupolar symmetry of defects around the immersed beads, decreases proportionally to 1/x6, with x being the bead separation. The velocity with which the particles are pushed apart also follows the same separation dependence. We thus find the effective drag coefficient gamma(eff) independent of x for surface-to-surface distances as small as 10% of the bead diameter. 相似文献
4.
Nonequilibrium steady-state currents, unlike their equilibrium counterparts, continuously dissipate energy into their physical surroundings leading to entropy production and time-reversal symmetry breaking. This Letter discusses these issues in the context of quantum impurity models. We use simple thermodynamic arguments to define the rate of entropy production sigma and show that sigma has a simple information-theoretic interpretation in terms of nonequilibrium distribution functions. This allows us to show that the entropy production is strictly positive for any nonequilibrium steady state. We conclude by applying these ideas to the resonance level model and the Kondo model. 相似文献
5.
We use the numerical renormalization group method to calculate the single-particle matrix elements T of the many-body T matrix of the conduction electrons scattered by a magnetic impurity at T=0 temperature. Since T determines both the total and the elastic, spin-diagonal scattering cross sections, we are able to compute the full energy, spin, and magnetic field dependence of the inelastic scattering cross section sigma(inel)(omega). We find an almost linear frequency dependence of sigma(inel)(omega) below the Kondo temperature T(K), which crosses over to a omega(2) behavior only at extremely low energies. Our method can be generalized to other quantum impurity models. 相似文献
6.
We develop an exact nonperturbative framework to compute steady-state properties of quantum impurities subject to a finite bias. We show that the steady-state physics of these systems is captured by nonequilibrium scattering eigenstates which satisfy an appropriate Lippman-Schwinger equation. Introducing a generalization of the equilibrium Bethe ansatz--the nonequilibrium Bethe ansatz--we explicitly construct the scattering eigenstates for the interacting resonance level model and derive exact, nonperturbative results for the steady-state properties of the system. 相似文献
7.
Multiphase thermoplastic hybrid for controlled release of antimicrobial essential oils in active packaging film 下载免费PDF全文
Itan Moshe Orli Weizman Michal Natan Gila Jacobi Ehud Banin Ana Dotan Amos Ophir 《先进技术聚合物》2016,27(11):1476-1483
Active packaging, a new technology concept in the field of food packaging, has been introduced in recent years in order to provide quality and safety, as well as extend the shelf life of food products. Antimicrobial (AM) agents can be incorporated directly into the active packaging and migrate in a controlled manner to the headspace between the food and the package, inhibiting bacteria growth on the food surface. Naturally derived AM agent, such as essential oils (EOs), has received considerable attention for food preservation purposes, because of their effective AM activity against various bacteria and fungi. In the present study, AM active film systems based on polypropylene/polyamide blends, montmorillonite nanoclays, and thymol EO were produced to investigate the feasibility of controlling the release rate of thymol from food packaging systems. Selective localization of thymol in a specific phase in the system that derives from thermodynamic affinity was assumed to be useful in controlling its migration rate from the film to the headspace. EO retention in the film under two different time conditions was measured by spectroscopic analysis. The release rate of EO was determined using Gas chromatography technique and analyzed by diffusion model approach. Inhibition of bacterial growth was periodically tested for Listeria and Escherichia coli bacteria. This study confirms the thermodynamic affinity of polyamide phase with thymol that has a positive effect in retaining the EO. Results show controlled AM behavior of the active packaging films, based on various blend compositions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
Sha MY Walton ID Norton SM Taylor M Yamanaka M Natan MJ Xu C Drmanac S Huang S Borcherding A Drmanac R Penn SG 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2006,384(3):658-666
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are the most common form of sequence variation in the human genome. Large-scale studies
demand high-throughput SNP genotyping platforms. Here we demonstrate the potential of encoded nanowires for use in a particles-based
universal array for high-throughput SNP genotyping. The particles are encoded sub-micron metallic nanorods manufactured by
electroplating inert metals such as gold and silver into templates and releasing the resulting striped nanoparticles. The
power of this technology is that the particles are intrinsically encoded by virtue of the different reflectivity of adjacent
metal stripes, enabling the generation of many thousands of unique encoded substrates. Using SNP found within the cytochrome
P450 gene family, and a universal short oligonucleotide ligation strategy, we have demonstrated the simultaneous genotyping
of 15 SNP; a format requiring discrimination of 30 encoded nanowires (one per allele). To demonstrate applicability to real-world
applications, 160 genotypes were determined from multiplex PCR products from 20 genomic DNA samples. 相似文献
9.
Yaakov Ben Natan Yoav Benyamini H»kan Hendenmalm Yitzhak Weit 《Arkiv f?r Matematik》1996,34(2):199-224
Our main result gives necessary and sufficient conditions, in terms of Fourier transforms, for an ideal in the convolution
algebra of spherical integrable functions on the (conformal) automorphism group of the unit disk to be dense, or to have as
closure the closed ideal of functions with integral zero. This is then used to prove a generalization of Furstenberg's theorem,
which characterizes harmonic functions on the unit disk by a mean value property, and a “two circles” Morera type theorem
(earlier announced by Agranovskii).
The second author's work was partially supported by the fund for the promotion of research at the Technion-Israel Institute
of Technology. The third author's work was partially supported by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council, and by the
1992 Wallenberg Prize from the Swedish Mathematical Society. 相似文献
10.
Shaked NT 《Optics letters》2012,37(11):2016-2018
This Letter presents the τ interferometer, a portable and inexpensive device for obtaining spatial interferograms of microscopic biological samples without the strict stability and the highly coherent illumination that are usually required for interferometric microscopy setups. The device is built using off-the-shelf optical elements and can easily operate with low-coherence illumination, while being positioned in the output of a conventional inverted microscope. The interferograms are processed into the quantitative amplitude and phase profiles of the sample. Based on the phase profile, the optical-path-delay profile is obtained with temporal stability of 0.18 nm and spatial stability of 0.42 nm. Further experimental demonstration of using the τ interferometer for imaging the quantitative thickness profile of a live red blood cell is provided. 相似文献