A study of the density of gap states in amorphous semiconductors from thermostimulated conductivity spectra

A theoretical analysis of thermostimulated conductivity spectra _TSC(T) has been applied to determine the density of gap states g(E) in a-Si: H and a-Si: H/a-SiN _x : H multilayer structures. The results for g(E) are consistent with the results deduced from Fritzsche's analytical approach as well as other methods. A comparison has been made between the two different analytical approaches for _TSC(T). We discuss the relationship between the energy of maximum thermostimulated current emission E _m and quasi-Fermi level E _q. We demonstrate that E _q could be a better parameter than E _m in the general theoretical treatment of thermostimulated conductivity.     

Oriental Lacquer. 10. The South East Asian Lacquer

Abstract

The family Anacardiaceae consists of 76 genera and about 600 species. A comparison of the species of Anacardiaceae is discussed with special emphasis on the importance of the exudates, the so-called sap, for their importance as lacquer to produce lacquer ware. Many exudates are poisonous. The individual chemical compounds which constitute the active ingredients of the oleoresin part of the sap and their function are described based on space-filling molecular models. Emphasis is also given to the organic components of lacquer trees of the South East Asian region, which is compared to other species of the Anacardiaceae family.     

Pt/NbPWO双功能催化剂的制备及氢解碱木质素制备芳香单体

木质素是一种天然芳香族聚合物,约占木质纤维素的30%,是唯一通过裂解C―O醚键和C―C键生产芳香族化学品或液体燃料的可再生芳香族资源。迄今为止,对木质素氢解制备有价值化合物的研究主要集中在相对不稳定的C―O键的裂解上,这限制了木质素氢解的效率。采用水热法和湿浸渍法制备了多功能Pt/NbPWO催化剂。通过破坏碱木质素中的C―O键和C―C键,可以得到产率为18.02%的芳香族单体。该反应不仅可以断裂木质素聚合物中醚键,同时也可以断裂部分关键的C―C键。其氢解机理可能是丰富的Brønsted酸和Lewis酸位点参与了C―C的活化。此外,重点分析载体和Pt物种在Pt/NbPWO催化剂中的协同作用。     

DNA Nanoribbon-Templated Self-Assembly of Ultrasmall Fluorescent Copper Nanoclusters with Enhanced Luminescence

Fluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) have been widely used in chemical sensors, biological imaging, and light-emitting devices. However, individual fluorescent CuNCs have limitations in their capabilities arising from poor photostability and weak emission intensities. As one kind of aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), the formation of aggregates with high compactness and good order can efficiently improve the emission intensity, stability, and tunability of CuNCs. Here, DNA nanoribbons, containing multiple specific binding sites, serve as a template for in situ synthesis and assembly of ultrasmall CuNCs (0.6 nm). These CuNC self-assemblies exhibit enhanced luminescence and excellent fluorescence stability because of tight and ordered arrangement through DNA nanoribbons templating. Furthermore, the stable and bright CuNC assemblies are demonstrated in the high-sensitivity detection and intracellular fluorescence imaging of biothiols.     

Light Intensity and Photoperiod Affect Growth and Nutritional Quality of Brassica Microgreens

We explored the effects of different light intensities and photoperiods on the growth, nutritional quality and antioxidant properties of two Brassicaceae microgreens (cabbage Brassica oleracea L. and Chinese kale Brassica alboglabra Bailey). There were two experiments: (1) four photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) of 30, 50, 70 or 90 μmoL·m⁻²·s⁻¹ with red:blue:green = 1:1:1 light-emitting diodes (LEDs); (2) five photoperiods of 12, 14, 16, 18 or 20 h·d⁻¹. With the increase of light intensity, the hypocotyl length of cabbage and Chinese kale microgreens shortened. PPFD of 90 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ was beneficial to improve the nutritional quality of cabbage microgreens, which had higher contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, soluble sugar, soluble protein and vitamin C, as well as increased antioxidant capacity. The optimal PPFD for Chinese kale microgreens was 70 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹. Increasing light intensity could increase the antioxidant capacity of cabbage and Chinese kale microgreens, while not significantly affecting glucosinolate (GS) content. The dry and fresh weight of cabbage and Chinese kale microgreens were maximized with a 14-h·d⁻¹ photoperiod. The chlorophyll, carotenoid and soluble protein content in cabbage and Chinese kale microgreens were highest for a 16-h·d⁻¹ photoperiod. The lowest total GS content was found in cabbage microgreens under a 12-h·d⁻¹ photoperiod and in Chinese kale microgreens under 16-h·d⁻¹ photoperiod. In conclusion, the photoperiod of 14~16 h·d⁻¹, and 90 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ and 70 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ PPFD for cabbage and Chinese kale microgreens, respectively, were optimal for cultivation.     

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF CLAY/POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE-co-ACRYL AMIDE)NANOCOMPOSITE HYDROGELS

Polymer hydrogels as a kind of soft materials have attracted increasing scientific and technological interest in past several decades. These materials have been applied widely in many fields [1], such as molecular filter [2,3], superabsorbent [4], and contact lenses [5] etc. However, synthetic polymeric hydrogels are seldom used as mechanical devices due to the lack of mechanical strength. Therefore, it is very imperative to improve their mechanical properties for wider use of polymeric hydrog…     

L^p Estimates for Singular Radon Transforms with Rough Kernels

The purpose of this paper is to study the mapping properties of the singular Radon transforms with rough kernels. Such singular integral operators are proved to be bounded on Lebesgue spaces.     

Synthesis of MnO2/MWNTs Nanocomposites Using a Sonochemical Method and Application for Hydrazine Detection

A sonochemical method has been successfully used to synthesize MnO₂/MWNTs nanocomposites. The structure and nature of the resulting MnO₂/MWNTs composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction (EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The results show that the sonochemically synthesized MnO₂ nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed on the modified MWNT surfaces. The performance of the MnO₂/MWNTs nanocomposites modified electrode was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Nyquist plots. The electrode exhibits efficient electron transfer ability and high electrochemical response towards hydrazine. This may be attributed to the small particle size, high dispersion of MnO₂ particles. The fabricated hydrazine sensor showed a wide linear range of 5.0×10^?7–1.0×10^?3 M with a response time less than 5 s and a detection limit of 0.2 μM. Taking the advantage of the unique properties of both MWNTs and MnO₂, it would greatly broaden the applications of MWNTs and MnO₂.     

Aligned and molecularly oriented semihollow ultrafine polymer fiber yarns by a facile method

In this work, aligned and molecularly oriented bone‐like PLLA semihollow fiber yarns were manufactured continuously from an optimized homogeneous polymer‐solvent‐nonsolvent system [PLLA, CH₂Cl₂, and dimethyl formamide (DMF)] by a single capillary electrospinning via self‐bundling technique. Here, it should be emphasized that the self‐bundling electrospinning technique, a very facile electrospinning technique with a grounded needle (which is to induce the self‐bundling of polymer nanofibers at the beginning of electrospinning process), is used for the alignment and molecular orientation of the polymer fiber, and the take‐up speed of the rotating drum for the electrospun fiber yarn collection is very low (0.5 m/s). PLLA can be dissolved in DMF and CH₂Cl₂ mixed solvent with different ratios. By varying the ratios of mixed solvent system, PLLA electrospun semihollow fiber with the porous inner structure and compact shell wall could be formed, the thickness of the shell and the size of inner pores could be adjusted. The results of polarized FTIR and wide angle X‐ray diffraction investigations verified that as‐prepared PLLA semihollow fiber yarns were well‐aligned and molecularly oriented. Both the formation mechanism of semihollow fibers with core‐shell structure and the orientation mechanism of polymer chains within the polymer fibers were all discussed. The as‐prepared self‐bundling electrospun PLLA fiber yarns possessed enhanced mechanical performance compared with the corresponding conventional electrospun PLLA fibrous nonwoven membranes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1118–1125, 2010