Dependence of Gordon-Haus timing jitter on the ratio of the forward and backward pump powers

The Gordon-Haus timing jitter of optical pulses in dispersion-managed communication systems with distributed amplification is studied. The jitter penalty for equal forward and backward pump powers and a pump spacing of 100 km is almost 9 dB lower than the jitter penalty for lumped amplification and an amplifier spacing of 100 km.     

Noise bandwidth dependence of soliton phase in simulations of stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equations

We demonstrate that soliton perturbation theory, though widely used, predicts an incorrect phase distribution for solitons of stochastically driven nonlinear Schr?dinger equations in physically relevant parameter regimes. We propose a simple variational model that accounts for the effect of radiation on phase evolution and correctly predicts its distribution.     

Collision-induced time shift of a dispersion-managed soliton and its minimization in wavelength-division-multiplexed transmission

The formula for the time shift of a dispersion-managed soliton that results from its collision with other solitons in different channels consists of two terms, one related to the frequency shift during collision, and the other related to the residual frequency shift after collision. It is found that an optimal relative delay exists between pulses in adjacent channels after each dispersion-managed span that balances the contributions from the two terms and minimizes the overall time shift, leading to a substantial improvement in transmission performance.