STUDY ON THE DUCTILE DEFORMATION DOMAIN OF THE SIMPLE SHEAR IN ROCKS——TAKING BRITTLE FAULTS OF THE COVERING STRATA IN THE SOUTHERN JIANGSU AREA AS AN EXAMPLE

A study on the ductile deformation domain of the brittle fault in the shallow level ofthe crust is a new probe field for the modern structural geology. Taking the southern Jiang-su Province area as an example the orientation measurement of quartz crystals, the com-positional texture observation of three pressure sensitive minerals and the rheological param-eter determination of dislocation densities, etc. have been demonstrated and analysed basedon typical samples in the present paper. In addition, their generation mechanisms arealso discussed from the cataclastic rheology, the dynamic differentiation and the simpleshearing, specially, from the Ode strength theory. Finally, a generative relationship betweenthe ductile deformation domain of the brittle fault system, in the regional layer--slip andthe formation of the stratabound ore deposit is shown as well.     

Synthesis of [18,19,21,22‐13C4]‐Labeled Tautomycin as an NMR Probe of Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor

We have accomplished the synthesis of ¹³C‐labeled tautomycin at the C18, C19, C21, and C22 positions starting from 100 % [¹³C]triethylphosphonoacetate for the purpose of elucidating the dynamics and conformation of the C17–C26 moiety. NMR spectroscopy of ¹³C‐labeled tautomycin revealed strong binding with protein phosphatase type 1 and new features in the ¹³C NMR spectrum, such as the very small three‐bond coupling constants (²J).     

x-RAY PHOTOELECTRON VALENCE BAND STUDIES ON FIREFLY D-(-)-LUCIFERIN

Abstract— The valence band spectrum of firefly D-(-)-luciferin (Ln) was measured for the first time by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Since the conversion of Ln to decarboxydehydroluciferin (dcrL) by x-ray irradiation occurred even within ∼30 min, the effect of the irradiation on the valence band spectrum of Ln was investigated quantitatively. We found that the XPS valence band spectrum of Ln during irradiation for 3 h corresponds to the state density of Ln calculated by the LCAO-ASMO-SCF-CI method for π-electrons. Moreover, the weak coupling model for π-electron transfer between Ln and oxygen was proposed for the primary electronic process in Ln chemiluminescence, assuming that the calculated π-electron state densities of Ln in acidic and basic solutions reflect the characteristics of their XPS valence band spectra.     

Radical Copolymerization of Vinylidene Chloride with 3(2-Methyl)-6-methylpyridazinone in Several Solvents

The radical copolymerization of vinylidene chloride (Vc, M₁) with 3(2-methyl)-6-methylpyridazinone (I, M₂) was carried out in benzene, ethanol, phenol, and acetic acid at 60 and 80°C. The monomer reactivity ratios were found to vary with the reaction conditions. The linear correlationships were obtained by plotting the values of log r₁ against those of ^V C[dbnd]O and ^V C[dbnd]C of monomers determined in the solvents.     

Effect of Solvent on the Radical Copolymerizability of Styrene with Acrylonitrile

Radical copolymerization of styrene (St, M₁) with acrylonitrile (AN, M₂) has been carried out using azobisisobutylonitrile as an initiator in benzene, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, and ethanol at 60 and 80°C. Good linear correlationships were obtained by plotting the values of log r₁, log r₂, Q₂, and e₂ against those of vC[dbnd]N and vC[dbnd]C determined in the solvents: the increase in the interaction between AN and the solvent was found to decrease the values of log r₁ and e₂ but to increase those of log r₂ and Q₂. The results are discussed in terms of the solvation both in the ground state and in the transition state.     

Molecular Origin for the Thermal Stability of Rice Amylopectin 1

Abstract

The non-Newtonian behavior and dynamic viscoelasticity of Takanari and Reimei amylopectin solutions were measured with a rheogoniometer. The Takanari and Reimei amylopectin showed plastic behavior at a concentration above 2.0% at 25 °C. The viscosity of Takanari amylopectin decreased a little with increasing temperature at 2.0%. However, a little increase in the viscosity was observed with increasing temperature from 0 to 15 °C, then it stayed at a constant value with further increase in the temperature up to 80 °C at a concentration above 4.0%. An increase in the viscosity was also observed in Reimei amylopectin solution at various concentrations. The dynamic viscoelasticity of Takanari amylopectin increased with increasing concentration at low temperature (0 °C) and it stayed at a constant value with increasing temperature up to 80 °C. On the other hand, dynamic viscoelasticity for Reimei amylopectin showed a weak sigmoid curve. The tan δ of both amylopectins showed low values, 0.32-0.38, at low temperature range and kept constant with increasing temperature up to 80 °C. A little decrease of dynamic modulus of Takanari and Reimei amylopectin was observed upon addition of urea (4.0 M). The dynamic modulus of Takanari and Reimei amylopectin solution decreased rapidly when the temperature reached 45 and 60 °C, which was estimated to be a transition temperature, in 0.10 N NaOH solution. The molecular origin for the thermal stability of rice amylopectin (Takanari and Reimei) was essentially attributed to intramolecular associations in aqueous solution. Possible mode of intramolecular hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces of attraction of amylopectin molecules are proposed.

     

ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF TCA-DENATURED RHODOPSIN AND OF A SCHIFF BASE COMPOUND OF RETINAL

Abstract— When TCA-denatured rhodopsin was frozen in liquid nitrogen, Λ_max was markedly shifted to longer wavelengths as the concentration of TCA increased. After TCA denaturation, species specific absorption disappeared and the absorption maxima of the squid pigments became identical with those of corresponding pigments of octopus.
In solutions at 5° the bathochromic shift of Λ_max of TCA denatured rhodopsin was observed at higher concentrations of TCA than in the frozen state. Λ_max of N-retinylidene-butylamine (NRB) was also displaced towards longer wavelengths with increasing concentrations of TCA. This bathochromic shift was enhanced by freezing. The mode of the bathochromic shift of Λ_max provoked by TCA was very similar both in the cases of denatured rhodopsin and of NRB. The absorption spectrum of NRB was identical in shape with that of TCA-denatured rhodopsin, as the half-band widths of both materials were about 5500 cm^-1 in the liquid state and 5000 cm^-1 in the frozen state. Λ_max of retinal and NRB were red shifted in polar and polarizable solvents.
It was concluded that the strong acidity and the relatively large polarizability of TCA are responsible for the bathochromic shift of Λ_max of the Schiff base in TCA-denatured rhodopsin.     

Effect of halogen atom on electron spin polarization studied by CIDEP,using halogen substituted aromatic acyl compounds

The reaction and spin dynamics of the photocleavage reaction of 2-chloro-2′-acetylnaphthalene were studied by time-resolved FT-EPR and transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The photocleavage reaction from both singlet and triplet states was observed by TA and EPR experiments, although the radical cleavage reaction in the excited triplet state is energetically unfavourable. This feature has been explained by the ionic cleavage reaction due to the electro-negativity of the chlorine atoms. The time-resolved FT-EPR spectra were similar to those observed in the bromine substituted compound, 2-BAN, reported in a previous paper. The origin of the electron spin polarization was assigned to the radical triplet pair mechanism (RTPM) and free radical pair mechanism (F-pair RPM) from analysis of the time profiles of the spin polarization.