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Thomas Marlow 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2006,45(7):1247-1257
We attempt a justification of a generalisation of the consistent histories programme using a notion of probability that is valid for all complete sets of history propositions. This consists of introducing Cox's axioms of probability theory and showing that our candidate notion of probability obeys them. We also give a generalisation of Bayes' theorem and comment upon how Bayesianism should be useful for the quantum gravity/cosmology programmes.
PACS: 02.50.Cw;03.65.Ta;04.60.-m. 相似文献
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Atiya MS Chiang I Frank JS Haggerty JS Ito MM Kycia TF Li KK Littenberg LS Stevens A Strand RC Louis WC Akerib DS Marlow DR Meyers PD Selen MA Shoemaker FC Smith AJ Azuelos G Blackmore EW Bryman DA Felawka L Kitching P Kuno Y Macdonald JA Numao T Padley P Poutissou J Poutissou R Roy J 《Physical review letters》1990,65(1):21-24
4.
Atiya MS Chiang IH Frank JS Haggerty JS Ito MM Kycia TF Li KK Littenberg LS Sambamurti A Stevens A Strand RC Louis WC Akerib DS Marlow DR Meyers PD Selen MA Shoemaker FC Smith AJ Blackmore EW Bryman DA Felawka L Kitching P Konaka A Kuno Y Macdonald JA Numao T Padley P Poutissou JM Poutissou R Roy J Soluk R Turcot AS 《Physical review letters》1993,70(17):2521-2524
5.
Nernst R Antreasyan D Aschman D Besset D Bienlein JK Bloom ED Brock I Cabenda R Cartacci A Cavalli-Sforza M Clare R Conforto G Cooper S Cowan R Coyne D de Judicibus D Edwards C Engler A Folger G Fridman A Gaiser J Gelphman D Godfrey G Heimlich FH Hofstadter R Irion J Jakubowski Z Keh S Kilian H Kirkbride I Kloiber T Koch W König AC Königsmann K Kraemer RW Lee R Leffler S Lekebusch R Lezoch P Litke AM Lockman W Lowe S Lurz B Marlow D Maschmann W Matsui T Messing F Metzger WJ Monteleoni B 《Physical review letters》1985,54(20):2195-2198
6.
A structurally related series of fluorinated nonionic oxyethylene glycol surfactants of the type C(m)F(2m+1)(CH(2))(n)O[(CH(2)CH(2)O)(p)H], denoted C(m.n)E(p) (where m=4, 6, or 7, m=1 or 2, and p=4 or 6) were synthesized and their surface behavior in aqueous solution was characterized. The ability of these surfactants to form water-in-hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) propellant 134a microemulsions suitable for use in the aerosolized delivery of water-soluble drugs has been investigated. Phase studies showed that, regardless of the composition used, clear one-phase systems could not be prepared if a fluorinated nonionic surfactant was used alone, or in combination with a short or medium fluorocarbon alcohol cosurfactant. Clear one-phase systems could, however, be prepared if a short-chain hydrocarbon alcohol, such as ethanol, n-propanol, or n-pentanol, was used as cosurfactant, with the extent of the one-phase region increasing with decreased chain length of the alcohol cosurfactant. Light-scattering studies on a number of the hydrocarbon-alcoholcontaining systems in the propellant-rich part of the phase diagram showed that only systems prepared with C(4.2)E(6) and propanol contained microemulsion droplets (all other systems investigated were considered to be cosolvent systems). 相似文献
7.
The factors influencing the formation of water-in-134a-propellant microemulsions using the fluorinated ionic surfactants ammonium perfluorooctanoate, ammonium perfluoroheptanoate, and sodium perfluorooctanoate has been determined. None of the fluorinated ionic surfactants could be used to prepare clear, one-phase systems when used as sole surfactant, but they could be when combined with a short-chain fluoro- or hydrocarbon alcohol in surfactant:cosurfactant weight-mixing ratios (K(m)) in the range 1:2 to 2:1. When hydrocarbon alcohols were used this clear region extended over a wide range of compositions and was confirmed by means of photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) to contain microemulsion droplets in the propellant-rich part of the phase diagram. PCS studies performed in the presence of the water-soluble drug terbutaline sulfate showed that it was possible to solubilize the drug within water-in-propellant microemulsion droplets. These studies confirm for the first time that it is possible to prepare water-in-propellant 134a microemulsions using fluorinated ionic surfactants and to solubilize water-soluble drugs within these systems. 相似文献
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We study the effect of shear flow on the entropic Helfrich interaction in lyotropic surfactant smectic fluids. Arguing that flow induces an effective anisotropic surface tension in bilayers due to a combination of intermonolayer friction, bilayer collisions and convection, we calculate the reduction in fluctuations and hence the renormalised change in effective compression modulus and steady-state layer spacing. We demonstrate that non-permeable or slowly permeating membranes can be susceptible to an undulatory instability of the Helfrich-Hurault type, and speculate that such an instability could be one source of a transition to multilamellar vesicles. 相似文献
10.
E.W. Duck D. Grant J.R. Horder D.K. Jenkins A.E. Marlow S.R. Wallis A.G. Doughty J.M. Marandon G.A. Skinner 《European Polymer Journal》1974,10(6):481-488
VOCl3-Et3Al2C13(chlorinated activator) catalysts have been employed for the polymerization of ethylene at T between 15 and 85° in n-hexane. Using butylperchlorocrotonate as the activator, the following catalyst efficiencies (g polymerization, hr, atmosphere ethylene in the cap gas) were achieved: 106,1 MFI = 0-00; 105,8, e.g. MFI = 1 0 (with 9 per cent H2 present in the cap gas) and 106–9 MFI = 0?4 (with 44 mmole/1 styrene in the hexane medium). Reactions between the aluminium alkyl and the activator molecules produced other chlorinated species of high average activator effectiveness. The catalyst system could be reactivated by further additions of Et3Al2Cl3. The minimum value of the polymerization propagation rate constant is estimated to be 10122?6x10,461 cm3/mole sec. 相似文献