Resonant destabilization of phonon microwave stimulated emission in an acoustic quantum oscillator (phaser) with periodically modulated pumping

Two qualitatively different types of resonant destabilization of phonon stimulated emission (SE) are discovered in experiments where a 9-GHz multimode ruby laser is periodically modulated (the electromagnetic pump frequency is 23 GHz). In the case of deep pump modulation at low modulation frequencies (ω=70–200 Hz, where ω_m is the modulation frequency), a fast random alternation of microwave phonon SE modes is observed. This destabilization range corresponds to relaxation resonance in optical lasers. Outside the relaxation resonance range (at ω_m≈10 Hz), the other type of resonant destabilization of stationary phonon SE is observed. This destabilization shows up as very slow regular self-detunings of the microwave SE spectra. The period of such self-organized motions depends significantly on ω_m and changes by several orders of magnitude when ω_m varies within several percent. The second type of SE resonant destabilization is explained in terms of antiphase energy exchange between modes in a modulated phaser.     

Preparation of branched cis-1,4-polybutadiene in the presence of a neodymium catalyst

It was shown that branches can be incorporated into linear chains of cis-1,4-polybutadiene produced in the presence of neodymium catalysts. Branched polymers were prepared through the copolymerization of butadiene and a low-molecular-mass polybutadiene macromonomer containing a system of conjugated C=C bonds at chain ends. The incorporation of macromonomer units into the polymer chain was confirmed by the IR spectroscopic analysis of macromonomer-perdeuterobutadiene copolymers.     

Aperture properties of multimode conical optical fibers (focons)

The problem on the propagation of meridional rays in conical optical fibers (focons) has been considered in terms of the geometric optics model. A sine condition for the ray parameters at reflection points has been obtained. A general equation that relates the geometric size of a focon with the ray parameters at the entrance and exit of the focon has been deduced. The equation is valid for all physically possible taper angles of a focon. The aperture properties of two types of focons (hollow and dielectric) have been analyzed. The entrance and exit aperture angles appear to be piecewise continuous or piecewise smooth functions of the parameters, which is related to the discreteness of the number of ray reflections. The main properties of the considered types of focons with typical values of the parameters have been illustrated by numerical calculations of the aperture angles.     

Nickel catalysts for the addition polymerization of norbornene and its derivatives and for their copolymerization with ethylene

The addition polymerization of norbornene and its derivatives has been carried out in the presence of a nickel complex or carboxylate and an electron acceptor to obtain amorphous polymers with bicyclic units. Norbornene copolymers with conjugated dienes or ethylene cannot be obtained with these catalysts because of rapid chain transfer reactions. Norbornene can be copolymerized with ethylene under mild conditions in the presence of nickel phosphorylide chelates without using any cocatalyst. In most cases, the backbone of the resulting copolymer consists of alternating comonomer units. The new catalysts allow ethylene to be copolymerized with norbornene derivatives containing ester substituents.     

Correlation between the magnetic and electrical properties of MnSe1-x Te x chalcogenides

The coefficients of thermal expansion, lattice constant, and magnetization of anion-substituted MnSe_{1 - x}Te_x chalcogenides were measured upon cooling in zero and nonzero magnetic fields in the temperature range 4.2–600 K. Resistivity as a function of magnetic field up to 1 T was measured. The dynamic properties of the materials were studied by the ESR method. Magnetoresistance and temperature hysteresis were found in MnSe_{1 - x}Te_x solid solutions.     

Magnetic properties and the metal–insulator transition in GdXMn1−XS solid solutions

The structural, magnetic, electrical, and thermoelectric properties of Gd_XMn_1?XS ($0.01\le X\le 0.3$) solid solutions synthesized for the first time on the basis of $\alpha$-MnS have been studied experimentally in the temperature range 77–1000 K in magnetic fields up to 10 kOe. The synthesized samples are antiferromagnetic semiconductors with an NaCl-type cubic lattice typical of $\alpha$-MnS. Both concentration ($X_c=0.3$) and temperature ($T_c=450K$) metal–insulator phase transitions have been observed. The concentration metal–insulator transition is accompanied by a decrease in resistivity and thermopower by twelve and two orders of magnitude, respectively, with the change in conductivity from p-type to n-type.