Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical and electrochromic properties of sandwich dilutetium tetraphthalocyanine

A new sandwich-tpype dilutetium tetraphthalocyanine 4 has been synthesized by the reaction of dimeric lutetium(III) phthalocyanine 3 with two equiv. of dilithium octakishexylthiophthalocyanine in amyl alcohol. Compound 3 was prepared from 4',5',4",5"-tetraiminoisoindoline(1,4,7,10-tetrathia-12-crown-4) 1, 4,5-bis(hexylthio)-1,2-diiminoisoindoline and lutetium acetate in amyl alcohol. Compounds 3 and 4 were characterized by elemental analysis, UV/visible, IR, (1)H NMR and ESR spectroscopy. The electrochemical and electrochromic properties of 3 and 4 have been examined by cyclic voltammetry. Both 3 and 4 displayed well-defined electrochromic behavior.     

Alternating copolymer of thiophene andN‐(phenylethynyl)pyrrole. New π‐conjugated alternating five‐membered ring copolymer and its packing structure

An alternating copolymer, Copoly‐1 , of thiophene and N‐(phenylethynyl)pyrrole was prepared by palladium‐catalyzed polycondensation. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that Copoly‐1 formed a stacked packing structure with doubly‐running polymer main chains. Optical data support the molecular and packing structures of Copoly‐1 . © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2219–2224, 2005     

One Pot Synthesis of Graphene through Microwave Assisted Liquid Exfoliation of Graphite in Different Solvents

This study presents an easy and quick method for the synthesis of graphene from graphite in a set of solvents, including n-Hexadecane (n-Hexa), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 1-octanol (OCTA), perchloric acid (PA), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), ethylene glycol (EG), and ethylene diamine (ED), via microwave (MW) energy. The properties of final products were determined by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and the four-point probe technique. The XRD spectra of most of the MW-assisted graphene products showed peaks at 2θ = 26.5° and 54°. Layer numbers extend from 2 and 25, and the leading comes about were gotten by having two-layered products, named as graphene synthesized in dimethylsulfoxide (G-DMSO), graphene synthesized in ethylene glycol (G-EG), and graphene synthesized in 1-octanol (G-OCTA). G-DMF has the highest electrical conductivity with 22 S/m. The electrical conductivity is higher when the dipole moment of the used solvent is between 2 and 4 Debye (D). The FTIR spectra of most of the MW-assisted graphene products are in line with commercial graphene (CG). The UV-Vis spectra of all MW-assisted graphene products showed a peak at 223 nm referring to characteristic sp2 C=C bonds and 273 nm relating to the n → π * transition of C-O bonds.     

Determination of radiological hazard parameters and radioactivity concentrations in bauxite samples: the case of the Sutlegen Mine Region (Antalya,Turkey)

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Iron phosphate glasses with melting temperatures of?~?1300 °C were developed to immobilize spent nuclear fuels. The...     

Auto-Bäcklund transformations and solitary wave solutions for the nonlinear evolution equation

In the present work, according to the concept of extended homogeneous balance method and with help of Maple, we get auto-Bäcklund transformations for a (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation. Subsequently, by using these auto-Bäcklund transformation, exact explicit solutions of this equation are obtained.     

Furo- and thieno-fused 1,3-diazepine-4,6-diones

We report the first preparation of furo- and thieno-fused 1,3-diazepine-4,6-dione derivatives starting from ethyl 2-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-3-furancarboxylate and -thiophencarboxylate. The ester functionalities connected to the hetero-ring were converted regiospecifically into the desired amides. The ester groups attached to the methylene unit were converted into isocyanates via Curtius rearrangement. The ring-closure reaction was performed in the presence of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide at room temperature to give furo- and thieno-fused diazepinone derivatives.     

Direct and Fast Electrochemical Determination of Catechin in Tea Extracts using SWCNT‐Subphthalocyanine Hybrid Material

In this study, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were covalently functionalized by terminal ethynyl bearing subphthalocyanine (SubPc) to obtain a new hybrid material, viz. SWCNT‐SubPc (CS), via “click” reaction for the first time. The structural characterization and study of the electrochemical sensor properties of the CS hybrid material to catechin were carried out. A convenient and fast analytical method was offered for the determination of catechin. It was shown that the deposition of CS on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) led to a 2.2 and 8‐fold increase in the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) responses to catechin in Britton‐Robinson (BR) buffer solution (a pH of 3) in comparison with SWCNT‐modified and bare GCE, respectively. The dynamic range, detection and quantification limits of catechin were determined to be 0.1–1.5 μM, 13 nM and 43 nM, respectively. Selectivity of the suggested CS/GCE sensor was investigated on addition of a number of interfering metal ions, antioxidants and biomolecules. The applicability of the modified electrode for the detection of catechin in real tea samples such as green, rosehip fruit, Turkish and Indian black tea was demonstrated with the standard addition method. Along with the ease in fabrication and low prices, the proposed CS/GCE sensor was reproducible, selective, stable and sensitive to catechin in major types of tea samples.     

Spatial distribution and risk assessment of radioactivity and heavy metal levels of sediment,surface water and fish samples from Lake Van,Turkey

In this study, radioactivity levels of 228 lake water samples, 63 upper and depth sediment samples and 12 fish samples from Lake Van were investigated from 2005 to 2008 and the distribution patterns of the radionuclides were presented. Analysis included gross alpha–beta and total radium isotopes activities and uranium concentrations of the water, and gross alpha and gross beta activities and relevant ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K activity of the sediment and fish samples of the lake. Mean gross alpha, gross beta and radium isotopes activities of lake water were found 0.74 ± 0.46, 0.02 ± 0.01 and 0.06 ± 0.04 Bq/L, respectively. Mean gross alpha and beta activities in upper and depth sediments were found to be 41 ± 6 and 1,514 ± 74 Bq/kg; 77 ± 5 and 394 ± 24 Bq/kg at a 95 % confidence level, respectively. Mean activities of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K activity concentrations in upper and depth sediments were determined to be 225 ± 22, 70 ± 7 and 486 ± 39 Bq/kg; 174 ± 4, 63 ± 3 and 263 ± 25 Bq/kg, respectively. The mean gross alpha and beta, ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K aktivities in fish samples were established as 47 ± 18, 470 ± 12, 0.57 ± 0.220, 0.022 ± 0.006, 319 ± 11 Bq/kg, respectively. The transfer factor from lake water to fish tissues, annual intake by humans consuming fish, and annual committed effective doses were estimated and evaluated.     

Asymmetrically tetra-substituted phthalocyanine derivatives: synthesis,photophysical and photochemical properties

Transition Metal Chemistry - The syntheses of highly soluble asymmetrically substituted metal free and zinc phthalocyanine derivatives bearing three 4-(4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenoxy) and...