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A. Linnemann 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1982,38(4):483-511
In this paper, we present a unified theory of first-order and higher-order necessary optimality conditions for abstract vector optimization problems in normed linear spaces. We prove general multiplier rules, from which nearly all known first-order, second-order, and higher-order necessary conditions can be derived. In the last section, we prove higher-order necessary conditions for semi-infinite programming problems.This work was developed within the Forschungsschwerpunkt Dynamische Systeme, Universität Bremen, Bremen, West Germany.The author wishes to thank Prof. Dr. D. Hinrichsen for his helpful remarks and discussions during the preparation of this work. 相似文献
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V Werner D Belic P von Brentano C Fransen A Gade H von Garrel J Jolie U Kneissl C Kohstall A Linnemann A.F Lisetskiy N Pietralla H.H Pitz M Scheck K.-H Speidel F Stedile S.W Yates 《Physics letters. [Part B]》2002,550(3-4):140-146
Following the successful identification of mixed-symmetric one- and two-phonon states in the N=52 nuclei 94Mo and 96Ru, we have performed a photon scattering experiment on the N=52 isotone 92Zr. Experimental data and shell model calculations show that both, single particle and collective degrees of freedom are present in the low-lying levels of 92Zr. The second excited quadrupole state shows the signatures of the one-phonon mixed-symmetric 2+ state, while calculations and data indicate an almost pure neutron configuration for the 2+1 state, in contradiction with the F-spin symmetric limit. Furthermore, two strong dipole excitations, which are candidates for the two-phonon quadrupole–octupole coupled E1 excitation and for the mixed-symmetric 1+ two-phonon state, were observed. 相似文献
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A.L.S. Angelis H.-J. Besch B.J. Blumenfeld L. Camilleri T.J. Chapin R.L. Cool C. del Papa L. Di Lella Z. Dimčovski R.J. Hollebeek L.M. Lederman D.A. Levinthal J.T. Linnemann C.B. Newman N. Phinney B.G. Pope S.H. Pordes K.K. Young 《Nuclear Physics B》1982,209(2):284-300
We present data on proton-proton collisions, obtained at the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings, in which two roughly back-to-back π0's of high transverse momentum (pT) were produced. The angular distribution of the dipion axis relative to the collision axis is found to be independent of both the effective mass m of the dipion system and the centre-of-mass energy √s of the proton-proton collision. The cross-sections at the values of √s satisfy a scaling law of the form . We show from our data that the leading π0 carries most of the momentum of the scattered parton. Given this fact, the axis of the dipion system follows closely the direction of the scattered constituents, and we exploit this to determine the angular dependence of the hard-scattering subprocess. We also compare our data with the lowest order QCD predictions using structure functions as determined in deep-inelastic scattering and fragmentation functions from electron-positron annihilation. 相似文献
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A.L.S. Angelis G. Basini H.-J. Besch R. Breedon L. Camilleri T.J. Chapin R.L. Cool P.T. Cox C. von Gagern C. Grosso-Pilcher D. Hanna J.T. Linnemann C.B. Newman R.B. Nickerson N. Phinney S.H. Pordes K. Powell J.M. Yelton 《Physics letters. [Part B]》1982,116(5):379-382
The invariant cross sections for π0 meson production in alpha—alpha and alpha—proton collisions at the ISR were meas- ured up to transverse momenta of and , respectively. These measurements are compared with π0 production in pp collisions at the same values of nucleon, and the variation of the nuclear A-dependence with pT is determined. 相似文献
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E. Linnemann 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1872,11(1):207-211
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K. Linnemann S. Klinkel W. Wagner 《International Journal of Solids and Structures》2009,46(5):1149-1166
This paper is concerned with a macroscopic nonlinear constitutive law for magnetostrictive alloys and ferroelectric ceramics. It accounts for the hysteresis effects which occur in the considered class of materials. The uniaxial model is thermodynamically motivated and based on the definition of a specific free energy function and a switching criterion. Furthermore, an additive split of the strains and the magnetic or electric field strength into a reversible and an irreversible part is suggested. Analog to plasticity, the irreversible quantities serve as internal variables. A one-to-one-relation between the two internal variables provides conservation of volume for the irreversible strains. The material model is able to approximate the ferromagnetic or ferroelectric hysteresis curves and the related butterfly hysteresis curves. Furthermore, an extended approach for ferrimagnetic behavior which occurs in magnetostrictive materials is presented. A main aspect of the constitutive model is its numerical treatment. The finite element method is employed to solve the coupled field problem. Here the usage of the irreversible field strength permits the application of algorithms of computational inelasticity. The algorithmic consistent tangent moduli are developed in closed form. Hence, quadratic convergence in the iterative solution scheme of governing balance equations is obtained. 相似文献
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Computer simulations based on Discrete Element Method have been performed in order to investigate the influence of interparticle interactions on the kinetics of self-assembly and the mechanical strength of nanoparticle aggregates.Three different systems have been considered.In the first system the interaction between particles has been simulated using the JKR (Johnson,Kendall and Roberts) contact theory,while in the second and third systems the interaction between particles has been simulated using van der Waals and electrostatic forces respectively.In order to compare the mechanical behaviour of the three systems,the magnitude of the maximum attractive force between particles has been kept the same in all cases.However,the relationship between force and separation distance differs from case to case and thus,the range of the interparticle force.The results clearly indicate that as the range of the interparticle force increases,the self-assembly process is faster and the work required to produce the mechanical failure of the assemblies increases by more than one order of magnitude. 相似文献
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Ed. Linnemann 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1885,6(1):899-908
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