Molecular parameters and retention characteristics of unsubstituted polyaromatic hydrocarbons in HPLC

Summary The present research studies the possibility of using the correlation dependence between molecular parameters of unsubstituted polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and their retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography to optimize the conditions for the separation and identification of unknown peaks on the chromatograms of multicomponent mixtures. A linear correlation equation, that takes the number and environment of the carbon atom in the PAH molecule into account as well as the differences in the specific interactions of isomeric molecules with polar eluent, has been proposed. The adequacy of the proposed PAH retention model was verified by comparing the calculated retention values with the experimental data. The possibility of identifying unsubstituted PAH according to the number of carbon atoms of various types and according to the values of the molecules lengths (calculated on the basis of the retention of these substances under different eluent compositions) was exemplified by various chromatographic systems (reversed phase-eluent-PAH molecules).     

The effect of the structure of bonded cyanoalkyl stationary phases on their selectivity in the liquid chromatographic separation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons

Summary The paper discusses the effect of the length and structure of the hydrocarbon chain connecting the nitrile group to the silica gel surface on the chromatographic properties of cyanoalkyl phases.When using non-polar and polar mobile phases, the selectivity of the cyanodecyl phases toward PAHs is higher than of the cyanopropyl phase and of hydroxylated silica gel.Polar additives to the mobile phase drastically decrease the retention on silica gel and on the cyanopropyl phase while affect the properties of cyanodecyl phases only to a considerably less degree. Newly synthesized phases with different structures of the hydrocarbon chain are compared with the commerical cyano-and ODS-phases. The retention mechanism on the cyanoalkyl phases is discussed.     

Computing the function GM(υ)

Tables are presented on the function G_M() which describes head waves or waves propagating near a concave surface.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 51, pp. 85–92, 1975.     

Dependence of the mechanism and regularities of energy transfer in binuclear lanthanide complexes in solutions on the nature of the anion and solvent

The effect of anions contained in solutions on the energy transfer from Tb(III) and Dy(III) ions to different Ln(III) ions is investigated in aqueous and alcohol solutions. It is shown that the regularities revealed in the energy transfer are completely determined by the ratio between the dissociation rate of the binuclear complex and the rate of energy transfer in it. The rate constant k _t of energy transfer in solutions in which labile binuclear complexes of Ln(III) ions are linked through the strong acid anions Cl^?, NO ₃ ^? , and HSO ₄ ^? depends on the nature of ions in the pairs. It is demonstrated that the energy transfer in all the systems predominantly occurs through the induction-resonance mechanism. The rate constants k _t in aqueous solutions of weak (acetic, salicylic, and carbonic) acids also depend on the nature of ions interacting in pairs but do not correlate with the Förster overlap integral of the spectra. In labile binuclear complexes, the interaction between these ions proceeds by the exchange-resonance mechanism at a distance of ≈0.4 nm. It is established that the constants k _t in alcohol solutions of Ln(III) ions are virtually independent of the nature of the pairs of the ions interacting through the acetate bridge. A comparison of the dissociation rate constants for Ln-anion complexes in alcohol solutions and the expected intracomplex rates of energy transfer in the binuclear complexes offers a satisfactory explanation of the obtained results and makes it possible to determine the association constants for binuclear lanthanide complexes in these solutions.     

Selective binary mobile phase for high-performance liquid chromatography of 12, 13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-8-ones

M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, pp. 861–863, November–December, 1989.     

Adsorption and catalytic properties of sulfated aluminum oxide modified with cobalt ions

The adsorption properties of sulfated aluminum oxide (9% SO ₄ ^2- /γ-Al₂O₃) and a cobalt-containing composite (0.5%Сo/SO ₄ ^2- /γ-Al₂O₃) based on it are studied via dynamic sorption. The adsorption isotherms of such test adsorbates as n-hydrocarbons (C₆–C₈), benzene, ethylbenzene, chloroform, and diethyl ether are measured, and their isosteric heats of adsorption are calculated. It is shown that the surface sulfation of aluminum oxide substantially improves its electron-accepting properties, and so the catalytic activity of SO ₄ ^2- /γ-Al₂O₃ in the liquid-phase alkylation of benzene with octene-1 at temperatures of 25–120°C is one order of magnitude higher than for the initial aluminum oxide. It is established that additional modification of sulfated aluminum oxide with cobalt ions increases the activity of this catalyst by 2–4 times. It is shown that adsorption sites capable of strong specific adsorption with both donating (aromatics, diethyl ether chemosorption) and accepting molecules (chloroform) form on the surface of sulfated γ-Al₂O₃ promoted by cobalt salt.     

Slow light on a printed circuit board

Slow-light effects induced by stimulated Raman scattering in polymer waveguides on a printed circuit board are shown to enable a widely tunable delay of broadband optical signals, suggesting an advantageous platform for optical information processing and ultrafast optical waveform transformation.     

Adsorption of Dyes in Studying the Surface Chemistry of Ultradispersed Diamond

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - The effect the surface chemistry of ultradispersed diamond (UDD) has on the adsorption of watersoluble dyes is considered. A comparison is made to...     

A Mechanism of the influence of Gd(III) and other Ln(III) ions on sensitized luminescence of Eu(III) and Tb(III) ions in aqueous and ethanol solutions: The role of hydroxyl bridges

We studied sensitization of Eu(III) and Tb(III) ions by molecules of 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2-bipyridil in D₂O and d ₆-ethanol and the influence of Nd(III), Pr(III), Sm(III), Gd(III), and Ho(III) ions on the luminescence intensity I _lum and lifetime τ_lum of Eu(III) and Tb(III) in solutions. The stability constants of complexes of Eu(III) and Gd(III) with 2,2′-bipyridil are measured by spectrophotometric and luminescence methods. It is shown that luminescence of Eu(III) is quenched by Gd(III) ions at the ion concentration equal to 10^?2–10^?1 M, which is caused by competing between these ions for a sensitizer. At the concentration of Ln(III) ions equal to 10^?6?10^?3 M, the sensitized luminescence of Eu(III) and Tb(III) was quenched and τ_lum decreased in the presence of Nd(III) ions, whereas in the presence of Gd(III) the luminescence intensity increased. It is proved that a bridge that connects the two ions upon energy transfer is formed by hydroxyl groups. The intensity of luminescence of Eu(III) and Tb(III) in aqueous solutions and its lifetime decreased in the presence of hydroxyl groups, while upon addition of Gd(III) to these solutions these quantities were restored. We also found that the addition of Gd(III) to deoxygenated ethanol solutions of 2,2′-bipyridil and Eu(III) slows down photochemical and thermal reactions between bipyridil and Eu(III), resulting in the increase in the luminescence intensity of Eu(III).