木质素在塑料中的应用

总结了国内外近10年来木质素在塑料中的应用进展，重点对木质素在PVC、PP、PE、PF、PU等5个方面的研究成果进行了系统阐述，并对该技术的发展方向进行了分析预测。     

理想微裂纹系统中的随机扩展效应

本文讨论了在理想微裂纹系统中,由于微裂纹的随机性扩展,对微裂纹统计演化产生的效应。文中提供了一般的理论框架,给出了便于处理的转移概率的表达式。最后,用数值计算的例子展示了随机模型的统计演化特征,并比较了与确定性扩展模型下统计演化的异同。     

陆生植物黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)对富营养化水体修复的围隔实验研究——氨氮的净化效应及其动态过程

采用浮床黑麦草（Lolium multi florum）对畜禽养殖富营养水体氨氮的净化效应及动态过程进行了研究．结果表明：浮床黑麦草对富营养水体中的氨氮具有明显的净化效果．当覆盖率30％时，对氨氮的去除率最高可达到95．89％．对其去除水体氨氮的动态过程拟合表明符合三次方程曲线．该研究为冬季陆生植物修复富营养水体提供重要依据．     

Self-Assembly of Micro-Parts onto Si Substrates at Liquid-Liquid Interface

We report a new approach for the self-assembly of cuboid micro-parts onto Si substrates to construct three-dimensional microstructures. To perform assembly, the Si substrates are prepared with a deep cavity array as binding sites. An aggregate composed of hundreds of uniformly aligned micro-parts is formed at the C10F18-H2O interface. The micro-parts are arranged by passing the substrate through the aggregate of micro-parts, thus the micro-parts are left on the substrate, and then the substrate is vibrated ultrasonically in the solution, making it possible for the micro-parts to fall into the cavities on the substrate. Finally the substrate is pulled out of the solution after assembly. This technique could give a high yield of up to 70%, providing a new method for micro-assembly.     

Effect of Molecular Weight on Liquid Crystal Photoalignment by Photosensitive Polyester Containing Thrifluoromethyl Moieties

We investigate the liquid-crystal （LC） alignment direction on photoalignment films formed from photosensitive polyester containing thrifluoromethyl moieties （PPDA） with various molecular weights by crossed polarized optical microscopy. It is found that LC alignment behaviour changes with molecular weight of PPDA. The LC alignment on PPDA irradiated films with the highest molecular weight is homogeneous, while those with low and intermediate molecular weights are homeotropic. However, surface morphologies show weak dependence on molecular weight. The surfaces are smooth and there is no clear morphological anisotropy on these aligned films observed by an atomic force microscope. The surface energies of the irradiated films are also measured by using an indirect contact-angle method where both surface energy and its polar component, increase with increasing molecular weight. Different polar surface energies can be considered as a main reason for different alignment characteristics.     

磷酸三乙酯改性HZSM-5沸石的活性及理论研究

采用XRD表征了水蒸气和磷联合改性的HZSM-5沸石分子筛的结构．通过NH3-TPD和N2吸附脱附研究了样品的酸性和比表面．采用正庚烷的裂化反应研究了样品的裂化活性，研究结果表明，磷改性样品与母体样品相比，经过水蒸气处理后显示出较高的酸量和正庚烷裂化活性．上述结果首次用模型簇和计算量子化学方法进行了解释．采用Gaussian94软件包和PM3半经验量子化学方法对模型簇进行了全优化和频率分析．计算结果显示磷改性后样品的脱铝补硅反应热大于母体样品脱铝补硅反应热，从而显示出磷对骨架的稳定化作用．     

Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of （Z）-1-[2-（Triarylstannyl）vinyl]-1-indanols and Their Arylhalostannyl Derivatives

(Z)-1-[2-(Tri-o-tolylstannyl)vinyl]-1-indanol (1) and (Z)-1-[2-(tri-p-tolylstannyl)vinyl]-l-indanol (2) were synthesized by the addition reaction of 1-ethynylindanol with tri-o-tolyltin and tri-p-tolyltin hydride. The aryl groups in compound 1 and 2 were substituted by Br2 or I2 to yield monohalide derivatives (3-6). The compounds 1-6 were characterized by elemental analysis, ^1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The crystal structures of 1, 2 and 4 have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The Sn atom in 1 and 2 exhibits a tetrahedral geometry distorted towards trigonal bipyramid due to a weak intramolecular interaction between Sn and the hydroxyl O atoms [0.2839(4) nm and 0.2744(5) nm], while the Sn atom in 4 adopts a trigonal bipyramidal geometry with a significant O→Sn(1) interaction [0.2552(5) nm].     

生态水泥

介绍了生态水泥的新概念,并对城市垃圾、污泥等废弃物的处理现状、生态水泥的生产工艺和国内外生态水泥的现状进行了论述.用城市垃圾和污泥来生产生态水泥拓宽了原材料来源,减少了天然资源的消耗,降低了水泥生产的成本,是一条很有前途的、有利于水泥工业可持续发展的途径.     

氨基酸的光辅助氧化化学发光及其分析应用

氨基酸与溴酸钾混合液经紫外光照射后与鲁米诺反应产生较强的发光信号,且在一定条件下氨基酸浓度与发光强度成线性关系,据此建立了一种氨基酸测定方法。在优化的条件下,该方法对五种氨基酸的检出限在0.004μg/mL~0.06μg/mL范围内;分别对0.5μg/mL的五种氨基酸平行测定7次,其相对标准偏差在2·3%~4.2%范围内。初步考察了该方法与液相色谱联用测定氨基酸的可行性。     

有限点方法研究

在二维散乱离散点集上研究一类无网格方法——有限点方法(Finite Point Method,简称FPM),建立方法的基础.采用方向微商和方向差商讨论有限点方法,建立各阶各方向微商间的关系式.利用这些关系式,根据被逼近点的邻点数目差异,分别建立数值方向微商的五点公式及少点(两点、三点、四点)公式;研究五点公式的可解性条件与可允许邻点集;获得典型微分算子的数值方向微商公式等.理论分析和数值试验表明,随着邻点数目的增加,相应数值公式的逼近精度随之提高.这类近似公式不仅为在散乱离散点集上构造各类偏微分方程的格式奠定了基础,同时,也可应用于偏微分方程非结构网格计算方法,提高方法的精度.