Total cross sections,elastic scattering observables and direct reconstruction of scattering matrix in np Interactions between 0.8 and 1.1 GeV at SATURNE II

Neutron-proton total cross section differences with the beam and target polarizations orientated either transversally or longitudinally with respect to the beam direction, as well as 11 spin dependent elastic scattering observables measured at SATURNE II as a function of energy and angle are presented. A major part of results was measured using the quasimonoenergetic polarized neutron beam and/or the polarized proton target. A small part of data was obtained using a polarized deuteron beam considered as a beam of quasifree neutrons and protons. The present paper represents a review of measured observables. Several sets of present data are compared with results obtained in other laboratories below 0.8 GeV. Imaginary parts of spin dependent forward amplitudes for np scattering and for the isospin stateI=0 were determined. First direct reconstruction of the np scattering matrix at 0.84 GeV is shown.We acknowledge support for this work from J. Arvieux, R. Beurtey, P. Borgeaud, P. A. Chamouard, A. Fleury, E. Heer, J. M. Laget, L. Musílek, L. Price, N. A. Russakovich, J. Saudinos, and J. Tolar. Discussions with J. Franz, J. M. Lagniel, C. Lechanoine-Leluc, G. Milleret, I. Strakovsky, and Y. Terrien have solved several problems. The exploitation of the polarized target owes a lot to G. Guillier, Ph. Marlet and J. Mommejat. We thank T. Lambert, E. Perrin, J. Poupard and J. P. Richeux for their efficient help in preparation of the experiment and the SATURNE II crew for unusual accelerator operations. Finally, we express our gratitude to Françoise Haroutel, who efficiently helped overcome all administrative requirements concerning a large international colaboration. This work was partly supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation and by the US Department of Energy Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38.     

Meson photoproduction on the nucleon with polarized photons

Meson photoproduction with polarized photons has proved to be a powerful tool to identify contributions of baryon resonances that are not evident in the differential cross-sections. It provides information that are complementary to those extracted using pion-nucleon scattering data. Extensive results have been produced in the past on beam asymmetries by the Graal collaboration for η and π ⁰ on the proton. New results are now available for the same reactions on the quasi-free neutron and for the K⁺ photoproduction on the proton. Contributions from hitherto undetected baryon resonances may be important to understand the results.     

Measurement of strange-quark contributions to the nucleon's form factors at Q(2) = 0.230 (GeV/c)(2)

We report on a measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in the scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons on unpolarized protons at a Q2 of 0.230 (GeV/c)(2) and a scattering angle of theta (e) = 30 degrees - 40 degrees. Using a large acceptance fast PbF2 calorimeter with a solid angle of delta omega = 0.62 sr, the A4 experiment is the first parity violation experiment to count individual scattering events. The measured asymmetry is A(phys)=(-5.44+/-0.54(stat)+/-0.26(sys))x10(-6). The standard model expectation assuming no strangeness contributions to the vector form factors is A(0) = (-6.30+/-0.43) x 10(-6). The difference is a direct measurement of the strangeness contribution to the vector form factors of the proton. The extracted value is G(s)(E) + 0.225G(s)(M) = 0.039+/-0.034 or F(s)(1) + 0.130F(s)(2) = 0.032+/-0.028.     

Simultaneous photoproduction of eta and pi0 mesons on the proton

The analysis of the gammap-->etapi(0)p reaction has been performed using data from the GRAAL experiment. The total and differential cross sections and the beam asymmetry have been obtained from threshold up to 1.5 GeV of beam energy. The two resonances S11(1535) and Delta(1700) are expected to be excited in the intermediate states of this reaction. The results are used to test predictions based on the assumption that both resonances are dynamically generated from the meson-baryon interaction provided by chiral Lagrangians. The term involving the Delta(1700) excitation, followed by the decay into etaDelta(1232), is found to be dominant.     

Measurements of the two and three spin-index observables inn p elastic scattering between 0.80 and 1.10 GeV

We present data of several rescattering observables measured inn p elastic scattering between 0.80 and 1.10 GeV. The SATURNE II polarized beam of free neutrons obtained from the break-up of polarized deuterons was scattered on the Saclay polarized frozen-spin proton target. Three different configurations of beam and target polarization directions were used: the observablesD _onon andK _onno were measured with the normal-normal spin configuration at eight energies;N _onkk ,D _os″ok andK _os″ko were determined with the longitudinal-longitudinal configuration at six energies;N _onsk ,D _os″ok andK _os″so with the sideway-longitudinal configuration at six energies. Part of the data was obtained with an unpolarized CH₂ target where only the two spin-index polarization transfer parametersK _os″ko andK _os″so were determined. Data are compared with phase shift analyses predictions and with the LAMPF results at 0.788 GeV. Present results are the first measurements of rescattering observables above 0.80 GeV. They provide an important contribution to any future theoretical or phenomenological analysis.

     

Evidence for strange-quark contributions to the nucleon's form factors at Q2=0.108 (GeV/c)2

We report on a measurement of the parity violating asymmetry in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons off unpolarized protons with the A4 apparatus at MAMI in Mainz at a four momentum transfer value of Q(2)=0.108 (GeV/c)(2) and at a forward electron scattering angle of 30 degrees p)=[-1.36+/-0.29(stat)+/-0.13(syst)]x10(-6). The expectation from the standard model assuming no strangeness contribution to the vector current is A(0)=(-2.06+/-0.14)x10(-6). We have improved the statistical accuracy by a factor of 3 as compared to our previous measurements at a higher Q2. We have extracted the strangeness contribution to the electromagnetic form factors from our data to be G(s)(E)+0.106G(s)(M)=0.071+/-0.036 at Q(2)=0.108 (GeV/c)(2). We again find the value for G(s)(E)+0.106G(s)(M) to be positive, this time at an improved significance level of two sigma.     

Measurement of the transverse beam spin asymmetry in elastic electron-proton scattering and the inelastic contribution to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude

We report on a measurement of the asymmetry in the scattering of transversely polarized electrons off unpolarized protons, A( perpendicular), at two Q2 values of 0.106 and 0.230 (GeV/c)(2) and a scattering angle of 30 degrees 相似文献   

Evidence for nucleon-resonance excitation in omega-meson photoproduction

The photoproduction of the omega meson has been studied at GRAAL from threshold up to a photon energy of 1.5 GeV. The differential cross sections and beam asymmetries have been measured precisely at all angles. The total cross section is also obtained. Systematic enhancements of the differential cross section at large angles and nonzero beam asymmetries at intermediate angles provide clear evidence for s- and u-channel resonant processes. The data are compared to the results of hadron and quark models.     

Proton-proton elastic scattering analyzing power in the 2.16 to 2.28 GeV energy region

We analyze the possibility of testing local Lorentz invariance from the observation of tau decays. Future prospects of probing distances below the electroweak characteristic scale are discussed.