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1.
This study examines the difficulties college students experience when creating and interpreting graphs in which speed is one of the variables. Nineteen students, all preservice elementary or middle school teachers, completed an upper‐level course exploring algebraic concepts. Although all of these preservice teachers had previously completed several mathematics courses, including calculus, they demonstrated widespread misconceptions about the variable speed. This study identifies four cognitive obstacles held by the students, provides excerpts of their graphical constructions and verbal interpretations, and discusses potential causes for the confusion. In particular, misconceptions arose when students interpreted the behavior and nature of speed within a graphical context, as well as in situations where they were required to construct a graph involving speed as a variable. The study concludes by offering implications for the teaching and learning of speed and its interpretation within a graphical setting. 相似文献
2.
Sourav Haldar Mamata Kombrabail G. Krishnamoorthy Amitabha Chattopadhyay 《Journal of fluorescence》2010,20(1):407-413
Due to the inherent difficulty in crystallizing membrane proteins, approaches based on fluorescence spectroscopy have proved
useful in elucidating their conformational characteristics. The ion channel peptide gramicidin serves as an excellent prototype
for monitoring membrane protein conformation and dynamics due to a number of reasons. We have analyzed conformational heterogeneity
in membrane-bound gramicidin using fluorescence lifetime distribution analysis of tryptophan residues by the maximum entropy
method (MEM). MEM represents a model-free and robust approach for analyzing fluorescence lifetime distribution. In this paper,
we show for the first time, that fluorescence lifetime distribution analysis using MEM could be a convenient approach to monitor
conformational heterogeneity in membrane-bound gramicidin in particular and membrane proteins in general. Lifetime distribution
analysis by MEM therefore provides a novel window to monitor conformational transitions in membrane proteins. 相似文献
3.
CM Silva MF Duarte ML Mira MH Florêncio K Versluis AJ Heck 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》1999,13(12):1098-1103
Fast atom bombardment, combined with high-energy collision-induced tandem mass spectrometry, has been used to investigate gas-phase metal-ion interactions with captopril, enalaprilat and lisinopril, all angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.Suggestions for the location of metal-binding sites are presented. For captopril, metal binding occurs most likely at both the sulphur and the nitrogen atom. For enalaprilat and lisinopril, binding preferably occurs at the amine nitrogen. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This paper describes a rapid technique for reconstruction of the internal area function of a duct using blockage-induced eigenvalue shifts determined from eigenfrequencies measured under two sets of duct termination boundary conditions. A single broad band maximum length sequence (MLS) measurement of short duration is utilized to obtain the transfer function of the duct, which in turn can be utilized to determine its eigenvalue shifts and subsequently its internal area function using an inverse perturbation technique. The reconstruction results display the same order of accuracy as those obtained previously using swept sine measurements of extended duration. An expression for the determination of the area function is presented utilizing resonant frequency information alone, thus rendering duct length determination unnecessary. A computational routine further simplifies the process such that the accuracy of the technique could be ascertained for a range of configurations including longer ducts and ducts that initially have nonuniform internal cross section over their length. Development of a relationship between obstacle length and wavelength of the lowest eigenfrequency required for successful reconstruction is also described. This is an important result for longer ducts where measurement of lower eigenfrequencies may present problems using standard measurement equipment. 相似文献
6.
Abbasi YA Shahida S. Ali A. Khan MH Khan MI 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2019,320(2):273-282
The extraction behavior of Nd(III) and Eu(III) with 0.05 mol dm−3 furosemide in benzyl alcohol as single acidic extractant and then with equimolar (0.05 mol dm−3) synergic mixture of furosemide as acidic extractant and tribenzylamine as neutral donor in benzyl alcohol has been studied from aqueous solutions of pH 1 to 6. The effect of various parameters and of various cations and anions on the extraction of these metal ions was investigated. The composition of the extracted adducts was determined by slope analysis method that came out to be [(M(FS)2)+ (CH3COO)−] and [M(FS)3·3TBA] where M = Nd(III) and Eu(III).
相似文献7.
Bala S. Prabhanada O’Neil P. Braganza Mamata H. Kombrabail Zebo R. Baratova Piotr M. Solozhenkin 《Transition Metal Chemistry》1992,17(6):552-556
X-band e.p.r. spectra from mixed ligand complexes Cu(btc)-(Hy), Cu(TPA)(Hy) and Cu(Sal)(TPA), have been derived from the spectra
of suitable reaction mixtures in CHCl3 at 25° C (Sal− = salicyladehydate, TPA− = thiopicolineanilide, Hy− = 8-hydroxyquinolinate and btc− =N-benzoyl-N′N′-diethylcarbamide). A digital data acquisition instrument and a personal computer were used for this purpose. The14N hyperfine splittings observed in these complexes have shown that the observed increase in spin density on the coordinating
atoms of one ligand, at the expense of that on the other, is unlikely to be associated with the covalent bonding involving
metal d
x
2−
y
2-orbital. Covalent bonding involving metal 4s-orbital component of the unpaired electron orbital has been suggested to be
responsible for the observed changes in electron delocalization.
This work was carried out during the visit of Drs Z. R. Baratova and P. M. Solozhenkin to India in 1991. 相似文献
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Alcohol ethoxylates (AEs) are nonionic surfactants. They are industrially important compounds that have historically been difficult to analyze, with the best results to date achieved through derivatization (e.g., silylation) followed by analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Recently, mass spectrometric techniques such as field desorption (FD), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), fast atom bombardment (FAB), electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) have been employed to analyze surfynol(R) 4xx. In an effort to produce low-cost alkyl-capped AEs and anionic detergents from AEs, a fast and reliable measure of the product yields and conversions from AEs is required in research. We found that the product yields and conversions from reactions of AEs, obtained by the employment of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), were in good agreement with those obtained from proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-NMR). Therefore, APCI can be used as a validated tool for studying AE reactions. Mixtures that contain either silylated or unsilylated ethoxylates and/or carboxylates yield the same APCI mass spectra. Copyright -Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
Condensation of extended DNA into compact structures is encountered in a variety of situations, both natural and artificial.
While condensation of DNA has been routinely carried out by the use of multivalent cations, cationic lipids, detergents, and
polyvalent cationic polymers, the use of molecular crowding agents in condensing DNA is rather striking. In this work, we
have studied the dynamics of plasmid DNA condensed in the presence of a molecular crowding agent, polyethylene glycol (PEG).
Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence of the recently established condensation-indicating DNA binder, YOYO-1 [G. Krishnamoorthy,
G. Duportail, and Y. Mely (2002), Biochemistry 41, 15277–15287] was used in inferring the dynamic aspects of DNA condensates. It is shown that DNA condensed by PEG is more
flexible and less compact when compared to DNA condensed by binding agents such as polyethyleneimine. The relevance of such
differences in dynamics toward functional aspects of condensed DNA is discussed. 相似文献