Oxygen incorporation in polyethylene implanted with 150 keV Sb+ ions

Samples of polyethylene (PE) loaded with carbon black up to 8 wt.% and implanted with 150 keV Sb⁺ ions to the doses from 2×10¹³–2×10¹⁵ cm^–2 were studied using standard Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS) technique. On the PE samples implanted to the doses above 2×10¹⁴ cm^–2, a considerable surface carbonization is observed. The measured parameters of the Sb depth profile are compared with theoretical TRIM estimations. The projected range is by 25% lower than the theoretical one and the range straggling is about twice of that predicted. The differences are explained by stepwise polymer degradation during the ion bombardment. Strong oxidation of the ion implanted polymers is also observed. The oxygen depth profiles from the sample surface up to the depth comparable with Sb⁺ ion range evolve from nearly uniform one for low ion doses to highly non-uniform one for doses above 1×10¹⁵ cm^–2. The total oxygen content in the sample surface layer 300 nm thick reaches a maximum for the doses of (1–2)×10¹⁴ cm^–2.On leave from Belorussian State University, 220050 Minsk, Belarus.The authors thank the member of electrostatic accelerator group at INP for help during RBS measurements. The work was partly (V.H. and J.K.) supported by the Internal Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic under the grant No. 14805 and by the Internal Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of Czech Republic under the grant No. 1002 (V.., V.R., V.H. and J.K.). In the final stage, the work was also supported by the Grant Agency of Czech Republic under the grant No. 202/93/0121.     

Coordination compounds of nickel with trithiocyanuric acid. Part IV. Structure of [Ni(pmdien)(ttcH)] (pmdien = N,N,N′,N′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine,ttcH3 = trithiocyanuric acid)

Ni^II mixed-ligand complexes of compositions [Ni(pmdien)(ttcH)] (1), [Ni(baphen)₂(ttcH)] · 4H₂O (2), [Ni-(dpa)(ttcH)(H₂O)] (3), [Ni(cyclam)(ttcH)] · 2H₂O (4), [Ni(hexaa)](ttcH) (5) and [Ni(hexab)(ttcH)] · 2H₂O (6), (baphen = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, dpa = 2,2-dipyridylamine, cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, hexaa = 1,3,6,9,11,14-hexaazatricyclo[12.2.1.1^6,9]-octadecane, hexab = 1,8-dimethyl-1,3,6,8,10,13-hexaazacyclotetradecane) have been prepared and characterized by means of i.r., u.v.–vis. spectroscopies and magnetochemical measurements. The redox properties of the complexes were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The crystal and molecular structure of [Ni(pmdien)(ttcH)] was determined. The nickel atom is penta-coordinated by three N atoms of pmdien, and by S and N atoms of trithiocyanurate(2–) anion.     

Xanthate complexes of nickel with nitrogen donor ligands. Part V

Nickel(II) xanthate complexes of general formula, [Ni(Rxa)₂(L)] [R = i-Pr, i-Am, xa = OCS^– ₂, L = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline(baphen), 4,4-dimethyl-2,2-bipyridyl (me₂bpy), 2-9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline(neo) or trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (dch)] and [Ni(Rxa)(cyclam)](Rxa) (= 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, i.r. and electronic spectroscopy, magnetic and conductivity measurements. The complexes with cyclam were studied by cyclic voltammetry. Values of magnetic moments at room temperature lie within the 3.25–3.51 B.M. range and thus indicate the presence of two unpaired electrons, except for the complexes with cyclam, where the anomalous values of 1.76 and 1.74 B.M. were obtained in respect to the nickel(II) complexes. Magnetic susceptibility data for [Ni(i-Prxa)(cyclam)](i-Prxa) were measured over the 79–298 K range and indicate no exchange interaction between paramagnetic nickel(II) centres.     

About different types of water in swollen polyelectrolyte multilayers

The review addresses swelling of polyelectrolyte multilayers in water. Different models for the determination of the water content are compared. It is clearly shown that voids under dry conditions present cavities for water which contribute to the water content of the multilayer in the swollen state. This so-called “void water” does not lead to any changes in thickness but in scattering length density during swelling. The “swelling water” leads to both changes in scattering length density and in thickness. Depending on the preparation conditions like the type polymers, polymer charge density, ionic strength and type of salt the ratio of “void water” differs between 1 and 15 vol.% while the amount of “swelling water” is of several ten's of vol.%.