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Pu Duan Bo Zhi Luke Coburn Christy L. Haynes Klaus Schmidt-Rohr 《Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC》2020,58(11):1130-1138
The composition of fluorescent polymer nanoparticles, commonly referred to as carbon dots, synthesized by microwave-assisted reaction of citric acid and ethylenediamine was investigated by 13C, 13C{1H}, 1H─13C, 13C{14N}, and 15N solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. 13C NMR with spectral editing provided no evidence for significant condensed aromatic or diamondoid carbon phases. 15N NMR showed that the nanoparticle matrix has been polymerized by amide and some imide formation. Five small, resolved 13C NMR peaks, including an unusual ═CH signal at 84 ppm (1H chemical shift of 5.8 ppm) and ═CN2 at 155 ppm, and two distinctive 15N NMR resonances near 80 and 160 ppm proved the presence of 5-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-7-carboxylic acid (IPCA) or its derivatives. This molecular fluorophore with conjugated double bonds, formed by a double cyclization reaction of citric acid and ethylenediamine as first shown by Y. Song, B. Yang, and coworkers in 2015, accounts for the fluorescence of the carbon dots. Cross-peaks in a 1H─13C HETCOR spectrum with brief 1H spin diffusion proved that IPCA is finely dispersed in the polyamide matrix. From quantitative 13C and 15N NMR spectra, a high concentration (18 ± 2 wt%) of IPCA in the carbon dots was determined. A pronounced gradient in 13C chemical-shift perturbations and peak widths, with the broadest lines near the COO group of IPCA, indicated at least partial transformation of the carboxylic acid of IPCA by amide or ester formation. 相似文献
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Klaus Altmann 《Semigroup Forum》1996,53(1):89-97
We introduce an invariant for semigroups with cancellation property. When the semigroup equals the set of lattice points in
a rational, polyhedral cone, then this invariant describes the torsion of the differential sheaf on the associated toric variety.
Finally, as an example, we present the case of two-dimensional cones (corresponding to two-dimensional cyclic quotient singularities). 相似文献
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Summary We study a countable system of interacting diffusions on the interval [0,1], indexed by a hierarchical group. A particular choice of the interaction guaranties, we are in the diffusive clustering regime. This means clusters of components with values either close to 0 or close to 1 grow on various different scales. However, single components oscillate infinitely often between values close to 0 and close to 1 in such a way that they spend fraction one of their time together and close to the boundary. The processes in the whole class considered and starting with a shift-ergodic initial law have the same qualitative properties (universality). 相似文献