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1.
Eishun Tsuchida Kunio Mishima Kiwamu Kitamura Isao Shinohara Setsuo Mimashi 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1972,10(12):3627-3637
In order to clarify the kinetic features of the styrene (A)–methyl methacrylate (B)–CCl4(S) cooligomerization system, a computer simulation was carried out. The experimental data on the degree of polymerization and the deviation of the cooligomer composition from the statistical steady-state composition were comparatively well explained by calculations based on the kinetic equations derived from the assumed reaction scheme and the values of the velocity coefficients, although the values of the four velocity coefficients in the initiation step and the velocity coefficient of the termination by the coupling of two solvent radicals were estimated. The results of the calculation of the rate of each component reaction show that the following two reactions are the most important in the initiation and in the transfer and termination steps when the [S]/([A] + [B]) ratio is large: where, A, A*, and P are styrene, polystyryl radical, and the cooligomer, respectively. Moreover, it was concluded that the deviation of the cooligomer composition from the statistical steady-state composition was caused by these two reactions. 相似文献
2.
Yoshihiro Takebayashi Hiroyuki Hotta Atsushi Shono Katsuto Otake Kiwamu Sue Satoshi Yoda Takeshi Furuya 《Journal of solution chemistry》2009,38(5):545-555
Acid-base equilibria between 2,5-dichlorophenol (DCP) and various bases (LiOH, NaOH, and KOH) were studied in ambient to supercritical
methanol, by measuring the absorption spectrum of DCP at alkali metal hydroxide molalities ranging up to 10 mmol⋅kg−1, at temperatures up to 250 °C and a pressure of 25.0 MPa. The spectrum was deconvoluted into contributions for the acidic
(HA) and basic (A−) forms of DCP, taking into account a blue shift of the phenolate (A−) spectrum due to the effect of ion pairing with an alkali metal cation. Degrees of dissociation of DCP determined from the
spectra suggested that the dissociation constant of DCP has a maximum around 150 °C, whereas that of KOH decreases with temperature.
The phenolate-alkali metal ion pairing was examined from the peak shift of the phenolate spectrum in the presence of Li+, Na+, and K+. A smaller cation radius and higher temperature (thus a lower dielectric constant for methanol) give rise to stronger electrostatic
interaction in the ion pair. The basicities of the alkali metal hydroxides in supercritical methanol were compared using DCP
as an indicator, and were shown to follow the order LiOH < NaOH ≤ KOH. This order is the same as that for the catalytic effect
of alkali metal hydroxides on the methylation of phenol in supercritical methanol (Takebayashi et al.: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.
47:704–709, 2008).
Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article () contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
3.
4.
Kiwamu Watanabe 《Mathematische Annalen》2008,342(3):557-563
We give a complete classification of smooth polarized varieties (X, L) such that the linear system |L| has a homogeneous member A. 相似文献
5.
Peikov V Sasai R Tanigawa M Petkanchin I Yamaoka K 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2006,295(2):445-456
Steady-state and decay birefringence, expressed in terms of the optical phase retardation per cell length delta/d, was measured on beta-FeOOH in aqueous ionic media at 633 nm and at 25 degrees C by an electric square-pulse technique over a wide range of field strength E to ca. 6 kV/cm. The field-strength dependence of both delta/d and field-free rotational relaxation time tau was determined at the sample concentrations between 0.0011 and 0.055 g/L and in the 0.02-2.0 mM NaCl concentration range. Extrapolation of both delta/d and tau values to infinitely high fields (E(2)-->infinity) could yield birefringence- and weight-average quantities, respectively. Observed tau values were decreased at weak fields but leveled off to ca. 0.3 ms at very high fields due to a slight polydispersity regarding the length and volume of particles. The weight-average relaxation time tau(w) was calculated with Perrin's expressions theoretically from the length, width, and volume of beta-FeOOH particles estimated in the dried state from electron micrograph. These quantities were variously averaged. The size distribution was discussed in terms of observed discrete histogram and theoretical (Weibull and Lansing-Kraemer) distribution functions. The sign of observed delta/d value was always positive. The infinitely high-field (delta/d)(infinity) values and the reduced optical anisotropy factor Delta g/n were evaluated by fitting to theoretical orientation functions. The intrinsic birefringence (n3-n1) could be estimated with the mean refractive index n(p) reported in the literature. For the spindle-shaped particle with an axial ratio of ca. 4, the sign of Delta g/n is always positive, whereas the quantity (n3-n1) was either negative (n(p) > 2.35) or positive (n(p) < 2.05) in sign or nearly zero (ca. n(p) = 2.26), depending critically on the n(p) values. 相似文献
6.
Kuramitsu Y Harada T Takashima M Yokoyama Y Hidaka I Iizuka N Toda T Fujimoto M Zhang X Sakaida I Okita K Oka M Nakamura K 《Electrophoresis》2006,27(8):1651-1658
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common fatal cancers, and chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is thought to be one of the main causes in Japan. To identify diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers for HCC associated with HCV (HCV-HCC), we tried to elucidate the factors related to the products from cancerous tissues of HCV-infected patients. From proteomic differential display analysis of liver tissue samples from HCV-HCC cancerous tissues and corresponding non-cancerous tissues from patients, three protein spots of the same molecular mass (42 kDa), whose expression increased in well-differentiated cancerous tissues, were detected. Although their pI were different, they were identified as glutamine synthetase (GS) by PMF with MALDI-TOF MS and by Western blotting using anti-GS specific mAb. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that tumor tissue consists of two parts, GS-positive cell and GS-negative cell regions, suggesting that GS-producing cells grew in the tumor tissue as a nodule in nodules. The tryptic peptides of the most acidic GS isoform lost the signal of 899.5 Da, corresponding a peptide of SASIRIPR, and gained a signal of 1059.5 Da, which was submitted to PSD analysis. PSD analysis showed the neutral loss by elimination of two phosphate groups, supposed to be on serine residues of the 899.5-Da peptide, from serine 320 to arginine 327 in GS. PMF followed by PSD analysis is thought to be useful for the determination of phosphorylation sites of proteins showing molecular heterogeneity. 相似文献
7.
Ohtsuka K Sato S Sato Y Sota K Ohzawa S Matsuda T Takemoto K Takamune N Juskowiak B Nagai T Takenaka S 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2012,48(39):4740-4742
When a biotinylated FRET probe based on a peptide-thrombin binding aptamer conjugate was introduced together with streptavidin and biotinylated nuclear export signal peptide into HeLa cells, the resulting ternary complex enabled visualization of K(+) concentration changes in the cell. 相似文献
8.
Solid–liquid equilibrium was measured for benzene + cyclohexane, trans-decahydronaphthalene + naphthalene and cis-decahydronaphthalene + naphthalene under the atmospheric pressure in the temperature range from 226.69 to 353.14 K. The apparatus was specially designed in this study, and it was based on a cooling method. The phase diagram with the complete immiscible solids was observed for the three systems, and the eutectic point was found at x2 = 0.2709 and Teu = 232.11 K for benzene + cyclohexane, x2 = 0.9816 and Teu = 241.98 K for trans-decahydronaphthalene + naphthalene, and x3 = 0.9822 and Teu = 225.74 K for cis-decahydronaphthalene + naphthalene, respectively. Hydrogen solubility was also measured for the two pure substances, trans-decahydronaphthalene and cis-decahydronaphthalene, and the three mixtures, trans-decahydronaphthalene + cis-decahydronaphthalene, trans-decahydronaphthalene + naphthalene, and cis-decahydronaphthalene + naphthalene, in the pressure range from 1.702 to 4.473 MPa at 303.15 K. Considering the solid–liquid equilibrium data, mole ratio of trans-decahydronaphthalene:cis-decahydronaphthalene was set to 50:50, and those of trans-decahydronaphthalene + naphthalene, and cis-decahydronaphthalene + naphthalene to 85:15. The hydrogen solubility increased linearly with the pressure following the Henry's law for all systems. The experimental solubility data were correlated or predicted with the Peng–Robinson equation of state [D.Y. Peng, D.B. Robinson, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 15 (1976) 59–64; R. Stryjek, J.H. Vera, Can. J. Chem. Eng. 64 (1986) 323–333]. 相似文献
9.
Kiwamu Kase 《中国颗粒学报》2010,8(2)
Algorithms for detecting particle collision play an important role in the discrete element method (DEM) for the simulation of granular flow systems since the time taken to detect the contact pairs usually occupies a considerable proportion of the total CPU time for the simulation. In this study, we developed a new octree algorithm called multi-octree algorithm, for detecting candidate contact pairs. The so-called multioctree algorithm adopts the topology of octree for detecting possible contacts, in which t... 相似文献
10.
Wei Wei Zhaolin Gu Sheng Wang Takeshi Fukuda Kiwamu Kase Jungmyoung Ju Yutaka Yamagata Yusuke Tajima 《中国颗粒学报》2013,11(1):20-24
Electrospray deposition(ESD) as a patterning method of nanoparticles deposited on a substrate has attracted much attention due to several advantages over other methods.However,obtaining an optimum ESD processing condition for nanoparticle pattern relies much on trial experiments because of the lack of reliable numerical simulation.In this study,the deposition characteristics of nanoparticle generated by electrospray were investigated by using a three-dimensional Lagrangian model.Three important process parameters,including solution dielectric constant,applied voltage and surface charge density on mask were considered by fixing the geometrical parameters of the ESD device.Simulation result showed that under the condition of without a mask,the spray diameter increases with increasing solvent dielectric constant,and higher applied voltage makes the spray area wider.Controllability of focusing by changing surface charge density on the mask was confirmed:higher surface charge density on the mask results in more focused deposition.Validity of the numerical simulation developed in this study was verified by comparison with experimental data. 相似文献