Energy extraction during uniform lowering of a body into a black hole

We construct a rigid reference frame accompanying a rope that is being lowered uniformly into a black hole with arbitrary velocity. We calculate the work done at the initial point in the case of lowering a load on a weightless rope and in the case of lowering a homogeneous massive rope. In both cases the work turns out to equal the rest energy of the lowered body.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 32–36, February, 1989.     

Identification of archaeal proteins that affect the exosome function in vitro

Background  

The archaeal exosome is formed by a hexameric RNase PH ring and three RNA binding subunits and has been shown to bind and degrade RNA in vitro. Despite extensive studies on the eukaryotic exosome and on the proteins interacting with this complex, little information is yet available on the identification and function of archaeal exosome regulatory factors.     

Ultraviolet-light generation in nitrogen-doped silica fiber

Nonlinear light transformations were observed in a nitrogen-doped silica fiber pumped with a Nd:YAG laser (lambda=1.06 microm) . Light generation in the spectral range 355-430nm was obtained with an efficiency of up to 2x10(-4) . The UV light was found to be the result of third-harmonic generation, stimulated Raman scattering of the third harmonic, and third-harmonic generation from the Stokes components of the pump light. Lasing based on the color centers of nitrogen-doped silica was observed in the range 380-430nm.     

Modulation of humoral immune response to oral BCG vaccination by Mycobacterium bovis BCG Moreau Rio de Janeiro (RDJ) in healthy adults

We hypothesize that the energy strategy of a cell is a key factor for determining how, or if, the immune system interacts with that cell. Cells have a limited number of metabolic states, in part, depending on the type of fuels the cell consumes. Cellular fuels include glucose (carbohydrates), lipids (fats), and proteins. We propose that the cell's ability to switch to, and efficiently use, fat for fuel confers immune privilege. Additionally, because uncoupling proteins are involved in the fat burning process and reportedly in protection from free radicals, we hypothesize that uncoupling proteins play an important role in immune privilege. Thus, changes in metabolism (caused by oxidative stresses, fuel availability, age, hormones, radiation, or drugs) will dictate and initiate changes in immune recognition and in the nature of the immune response. This has profound implications for controlling the symptoms of autoimmune diseases, for preventing graft rejection, and for targeting tumor cells for destruction.     

Path-dependent functions

Theoretical and Mathematical Physics -     

A model of hormonal regulation

A model of hormonal regulation comprising a system of three differential equations is constructed on the basis of physiological data. A qualitative analysis of the system is conducted and the existence conditions of a stable limiting cycle are derived. Numerical calculations show an adequate fit of the model to physiological observations.Simferopol' University. Translated from Dinamicheskie Sistemy, No. 10, pp. 83–88, 1992.     

The multipole particle and the Papapetrou equation

The conclusion is made that the supplementary conditions of Pirani, Dixon, or others, which close the system of dipole equations of the general theory of relativity for a test particle and as a result make it possible to uniquely calculate the motion of such a particle, in essence determine the internal structure of the particle. The conclusion is made against the background of the solution of the problem of the multipole expansion of the tensor density along a line and a multipole formulation of the equations of motion of a body. It is shown that the Papapetrou equations can be employed to calculate the behavior of particles only if information contained in the dipole equations is used.S. Ordzhonokidze Aeronautical Institute, Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 43–48, October, 1994.