Pyrimidino- and Proton-ionizable Pyrimidono-crown Ether Ligands: Synthesis and Preliminary Complexation Studies

Pyrimidino-crown ethers were prepared in 30-50% yields by reactingthe ditosylate derivative of the appropriate oligoethylene glycol with4-methoxy-5-methyl-2,6-pyrimidinedimethanol under basic conditions. A newmacrocyclic ligand containing a proton-ionizable pyrimidone subcyclic unitwas prepared in 88% yield by treating the appropriatepyrimidino-crown ether with 5 M NaOH in 50% (v/v) aqueous methanol.Preliminary complexation properties of some of these new compounds werestudied using various NMR spectral techniques. Good enantiomeric recognitionwas exhibited by a chiral pyrimidino-crown ether for the enantiomers of1-(-naphthyl)ethylammonium perchlorate.     

Proton ionizable crown compounds. 18. Comparison of alkali metal transport in a H2O-CH2Cl2-H2O liquid membrane system by four proton-ionizable macrocycles containing the dialkylhydrogenphosphate moiety

The macrocycle-mediated fluxes of alkali, alkaline earth, and several transition metal cations have been determined and compared in a H₂O-CH₂Cl₂-H₂O liquid membrane system using four water-insoluble macrocycles containing a dialkylhydrogenphosphate moiety. Transport of alkali metal cations by these ligands was greatest from a source phase pH = 12 or above into an acid receiving phase (pH = 1.5). Very low fluxes were observed for the transport of the alkaline earth cations and all transition metal ions studied except Ag⁺ and Pb²⁺ which were transported reasonably well by these new macrocycles.Deceased: September 5, 1987.     

A structural analysis of the complexes of (S,S)-dimethylpyridino-18-crown-6 with (R) and (S)-[α-(1-naphthyl)ethyl]ammonium perchlorate by NMR techniques and molecular modeling

Significant - interaction is found in the complexes of (S, S)-dimethylpyridino-18-crown-6 with (R)- and (S)-[-(1-naphthyl)ethyl]ammonium perchlorate. This finding is supported by the¹H NOESY NMR spectral technique, greater chemical shift changes of aromatic protons in both host and guest molecules upon complexation, and by molecular mechanics calculations. Because of the flexibility of the ligand, the tripod hydrogen bonding causes¹³C relaxation times of all periphery carbons to decrease without significant selectivity. Rotational energy barrier calculations of the methyl groups of the complexed ligand also show that the (S, S)-host-(R)-guest is the more stable complex.     

New pyrimidino-crown ether ligands

Eight new macrocyclic ligands containing the pyrimidine subcyclic unit ( 3-10 , Figure 1) have been prepared. Two of these new crown ethers are chiral. Pyrimidino-crowns 3-8 were prepared by treating the di-tosylate derivative of the appropriate oligoethylene glycol with 4-methoxy-5-raethyl-2,6-pyrimidinedimeth-anol in basic conditions. The yields were in the 30-50% range giving the crowns as viscous oils. Chiral dimethyl-substituted pyrimidino-crown 9 was prepared from 4-methoxy-5-methyl-2,6-pyrimidinedimethyl di-tosylate and chiral dimethyl-substituted tetraethylene glycol. Treatment of dimethyl 4-methoxy-5-methyl-2,6-pyrimidinedicarboxylate with the diamine derivative of chiral dibenzyl-substituted tetraethylene glycol gave the chiral dibenzyl-substituted pyrimidino-crown diamide 10. Starting 4-methoxy-5-methyl-2,6-pyrimidinedi-methanol was prepared by a six step process from acetamidine hydrochloride and diethyl oxalpropionate.     

Proton-ionizable crown compounds. 12. Proton-Coupled selective membrane transport of Li+ using a proton-ionizable pyridono macrocycle

The macrocycle-mediated fluxes of several alkali metal cations have been determined in a H₂O-CH₂Cl₂-H₂O liquid membrane system. Water-insoluble proton-ionizable macrocycles of the pyridono type were used. The proton-ionizable feature allows the coupling of cation transport to reverse H⁺ transport. This feature offers promise for the effective separation and/or concentration of alkali metal ions with the metal transport being driven by a pH gradient. A counter anion in the source phase is not co-transported. The desired separation of a particular metal ion involves its selective complexation with the macrocycle, subsequent extraction from the aqueous phase to the organic phase, and exchange for H⁺ at the organic phase-receiving phase interface. Factors affecting transport which were studied include ring size, source phase pH, and receiving phase pH. Lithium was transported at a rate higher than that of the other alkali metals in both single and competitive systems using a 15-crown-5 pyridono carrier.     

Simple and condensed β-lactams-I : The application of diketene in β-lactam synthesis. The synthesis and functional group manipulations of diethyl 3-acetyl-4-oxoazetidine-2,2-dicarboxylates

Acylation of the N-substituted diethyl aminomalonates 3a–3d with diketene furnished the ring tautomers 6a–6d of the expected acetoacetyl derivatives 5. By treatment with iodine and sodium ethoxide compounds 6a–6d are smoothly converted into the β-lactam derivatives 2a–2d. Deethoxycarbonylation of the ethylene ketals 7a–7d of the latter furnishes mixtures of the corresponding diastereomeric monoesters 8 and10. The ethoxycarbonyl groups of the trans esters 8 are more reactive than those of the cis isomers 10. This permits, under appropriate conditions, selective alkaline hydrolysis and NaBH₄ reduction of the trans esters 8 in the presence of the cis esters 10. Reduction of the cis ester 10c under more forceful conditions furnishes the trans hydroxymethyl derivative 11c.     

Synthesis and enantiomeric recognition studies of a novel 5,5-dioxophenothiazine-1,9 bis(thiourea) containing glucopyranosyl groups

A novel optically active 5,5-dioxophenothiazine-1,9 bis(thiourea) containing glucopyranosyl groups was synthesized and its enantiomeric recognition properties were examined towards the enantiomers of tetrabutylammonium salts of chiral α-hydroxy and N-protected α-amino acids using UV–vis spectroscopy.     

Synthesis and evaluation of a novel natural-based phosphine antioxidant for the thermal stabilization of polyethylene

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - A new phosphine-type potential secondary stabilizer was synthesized successfully with large natural raw material content. The stabilizer is a waxy...     

Synthesis and X-ray crystallographic studies of novel proton-ionizable nitro- and halogen-substituted acridono-18-crown-6 chromo- and fluorogenic ionophores

Starting from acridono-18-crown-6 ligand 1 (Fig. 1) seven new proton-ionizable chromogenic and fluorogenic ionophores 2-8 (Fig. 1) containing NO₂ group(s) and/or Br or Cl atom(s) in the aromatic rings were prepared by electrophilic substitution. The precursor macrocycle 1 was obtained by a modification of the reported procedure which made chromatography unnecessary in purification and gave higher yield. X-ray crystallographic studies of the complexes of acridono-18-crown-6 type ligands 1, 2, 3, 6 and 8 show that the proton-ionizable units are in the acridone tautomeric form and that the ligands invariably bind a water molecule in their cavities by multipodal hydrogen bonding. In two cases (6 and 8) an additional DMF solvent molecule is also bound at the crown perimeter in the solid state.