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Alexopoulos T Allen C Anderson EW Areti H Banerjee S Beery PD Biswas NN Bujak A Carmony DD Carter T Cole P Choi Y De Bonte RJ Erwin AR Findeisen C Goshaw AT Gutay LJ Hirsch AS Hojvat C Kenney VP Lindsey CS LoSecco JM McMahon T McManus AP Morgan N Nelson KS Oh SH Piekarz J Porile NT Reeves D Scharenberg RP Stampke SR Stringfellow BC Thompson MA Turkot F Walker WD Wang CH Wesson DK 《Physical review letters》1990,64(9):991-994
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Lazarus EA Navratil GA Greenfield CM Strait EJ Austin ME Burrell KH Casper TA Baker DR DeBoo JC Doyle EJ Durst R Ferron JR Forest CB Gohil P Groebner RJ Heidbrink WW Hong R Houlberg WA Howald AW Hsieh C Hyatt AW Jackson GL Kim J Lao LL Lasnier CJ Leonard AW Lohr J La Haye RJ Maingi R Miller RL Murakami M Osborne TH Perkins LJ Petty CC Rettig CL Rhodes TL Rice BW Sabbagh SA Schissel DP Scoville JT Snider RT Staebler GM Stallard BW Stambaugh RD St John HE Stockdale RE Taylor PL Thomas DM 《Physical review letters》1996,77(13):2714-2717
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The flow of pure vapor in channels with variable cross section and cooled walls is considered. The balances for mass, energy and momentum and the transport of heat across the film of condensate are dealt by a finite difference method. Selected examples show that convergent channels improve condensation compared with channels of constant cross section. Excessive temperature drop by acceleration, however, must be avoided. Adversed pressure gradient may cause separation of the condensate film. The influence of the following parameters is discussed: gravity, increased friction, entrainment of condensat, cocurrent and countercurrent flow of the cooling medium and finite resistance of heat of channel wall. The shape of velocity profiles of the condensate is shown as a function of the pressure gradient. 相似文献
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E. Hicken 《Heat and Mass Transfer》1968,1(4):254-256
Zusammenfassung Die Berechnung der Wärmeabgabe einer Rippe bereitet große Schwierigkeiten, wenn die Wärmestromdichte nicht mehr direkt proportional einer Temperaturdifferenz ist, wie z. B. beim Wärmeaustausch durch Strahlung. Zur Überwindung dieser Schwierigkeiten wird daher im interessierenden Temperaturbereich die Abhängigkeit der Wärmestromdichte von der Temperaturdifferenz durch eine lineare Beziehung mit zwei Koeffizienten angenähert. Dann bleiben die bisher üblichen Beziehungen für den Temperaturverlauf und den Wirkungsgrad einer Rippe formal erhalten. An einem Beispiel, nämlich einem Wärmeaustausch durch Strahlung, wird gezeigt, daß die Näherungslösung meist vernachlässigbar gering von der exakten Lösung abweicht.
The calculation of the heat loss of a fin involves considerable difficulties in case the heat-flux density is no longer directly proportional to a temperature difference such as the heat exchange by radiation. Therefore, in order to overcome these difficulties, the dependence of the heat-flux density upon the temperature difference, within the temperature range being of interest here, is to be approximated by a linear relation with two coefficients. Thus, all hitherto existing relations for the temperature curve and the efficiency of a fin are formally maintained. The example of heat exchange by radiation shows that the difference between the approximate solution and the exact solution is mostly negligibly small.相似文献