基于紊流状态的阻尼阀缝隙节流解析计算

提出了一种基于紊流状态的缝隙节流解析计算方法. 运用边界层理论给出紊流状态下流体的三层速度分布表达式,通过积分定理推导出平行平板的缝隙流量解析式,与CFD 软件数值解对比偏差很小,验证了方程的正确性. 以此为基础根据阻尼阀的结构特点又推导出同心环形缝隙的紊流流量公式,并分析不同物性参数对缝隙压差和流量的影响规律,填补了工程设计中没有紊流状态下缝隙节流解析式的空白,为提高阻尼阀的设计精度奠定了基础.     

Synthesis of Fluorinated Graphene Oxide and its Amphiphobic Properties

The richly functionalized basal plane bonded to polar organic moieties makes graphene oxide (GO) innately hydrophilic. Here, a methodology to synthesize fluorinated graphene oxide by oxidizing the basal plane of fluorinated graphite, allowing for tunable hydrophobicity of GO, is reported. Fluorine exists as tertiary alkyl fluorides covalently bonded to graphitic carbons, and using magic‐angle spinning (MAS) ¹³C NMR as a primary tool chemical structures for the two types of synthesized fluorinated graphene oxides (FGOs) with significantly different fluorine contents are proposed. The low surface energy of the C–F bond drastically affects GO's wetting behavior, leading to amphiphobicity in its highly fluorinated form. Ease of solution processing enables the fabrication of inks that are spray‐painted on various porous/non‐porous substrates. These coatings maintain amphiphobicity for solvents with surface tensions down to 59 dyn/cm, thus bypassing existing lithographic means to create similar surfaces. The approach towards fluorinating GO and fabricating graphene‐based surfaces with tunable wettability opens the path towards unique, accessible, carbon‐based amphiphobic coatings.     

矿区土壤中含水率及重金属迁移转化的数值模拟

本文基于由连续性方程和达西定律所推出的土壤中水分运动基本方程,以一维垂向水分方程为研究对象,构造稳定收敛的有限差分格式,运用MATLAB数学工具,对地面饱水情况下土壤水分运动的一维垂向方程进行了数值模拟,得到了土壤中水分的迁移规律;同时,综合考虑对流扩散作用以及土壤对重金属的吸附解吸作用,利用非饱和土壤中重金属离子迁移转化模型,对锌离子在矿区土壤中的迁移转化进行了数值模拟,展示了锌离子在矿区土壤中的浓度分布规律．     

裂隙岩体渗透系数确定方法研究

裂隙岩体渗透系数以及渗透主方向的确定对研究岩体渗透性大小及各向异性具有重要意义。高放废物地质处置库介质岩体的渗透性能将直接影响其使用安全性。本文运用离散裂隙网络模拟的方法对我国高放废物处置库甘肃北山预选区3#钻孔附近裂隙岩体进行了渗透性质分析。通过对3#钻孔1715～1780m段压水试验数据的反演,标定了离散裂隙网络渗流模型中的裂隙渗透参数(导水系数T)。利用标定的离散裂隙网络模型对场区裂隙岩体进行了渗流模拟,确定了该区域裂隙岩体的渗流表征单元体(REV)的尺寸大小以及渗透主值和主渗透方向。运用离散裂隙网络模型计算得出的渗透主值的几何均值与现场压水试验计算结果较接近,证明了计算结果的有效性。     

A voltammetric immunoassay for the carcinoembryonic antigen using a self-assembled magnetic nanocomposite

The authors describe a voltammetric immunoassay for the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). It is based on the use of a self-assembled magnetic nanocomposite as multifunctional signal amplification platform. The core of the nanocomposite consists of Fe₃O₄ microspheres, and the shell of zirconium hexacyanoferrate loaded with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs@ZrHCF@Fe₃O₄). The material was synthesized by an electrostatic self-assembly process which is caused by the strong interaction between cyano groups and AuNPs. The surface of the Fe₃O₄ microspheres was functionalized with amino groups to facilitate the immobilization of ZrHCF which acts as an electron mediator. The nanocomposite was placed on a glassy carbon electrode which then displays noteworthy electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The AuNPs serve as a support for the immobilization of antibodies by the interaction between AuNPs and amino groups on antibodies to construct a covalent Au-N bond. This facilitates electron transfer on the electrode surface using H₂O₂ as the electrochemical probe. Square wave voltammetry (measured typically at +0.2 V vs. SCE) was carried out to record the electrochemical behavior. Under the optimal conditions, a response is linear in the 0.5 pg·mL^?1 to 50 ng·mL^?1 CEA concentration range, and the detection limit is as low as 0.15 pg·mL^?1 (S/N =?3). The method is selective, highly stable and acceptably reproducible.

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Graphical abstract A self-assembly magnetic nanocomposite for voltammetric immunoassay of CEA. GCE glassy carbon electrode; Au NPs gold nanoparticles; ZrHCF zirconium hexacyanoferrate; CEA carcinoembryonic antigen; Anti-CEA CEA antibody; BSA bovine serum albumin; SWV square wave voltammetry. A high sensitive voltammetric immunoassay method has been used for detecting CEA, It is based on a self-assembled magnetic nanocomposite (Au NPs@ZrHCF@Fe₃O₄) as multifunctional signal amplification platform.

     

基于块体理论安全系数的隧道优化设计

以连云港后云台山隧道为工程地质背景。所研究隧址区主要岩性较为单一,以硬质的变粒岩为主,部分地段见软弱的绿片岩层,软硬岩层交切,在洞顶和洞壁容易形成掉块和坍塌。考虑到其结构面控稳的特点,利用Unwedge程序,将块体理论应用于指导隧道优化设计,包括洞形的选择,隧道走向的优化、支护参数的确定等。通过实例分析与计算证明,块体理论在低地应力区结构面控稳的地下洞室的优化设计中具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。     

Transparent montmorillonite/cellulose nanofibril nanocomposite films: the influence of exfoliation degree and interfacial interaction

To obtain high performance of nanocomposite films made of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and montmorillonites (MMTs), highly ordered nanostructures and abundant interfacial interactions are of extreme importance, especially for CNF film with high MMT content. Here, we tend to unveil the influence of exfoliation degree of MMTs and their interfacial interactions with CNFs on the properties of ensuing nanocomposite films. Monolayer MMTs (ML-MMTs) prefer to form highly ordered nanostructure during water evaporation induced self-assembly. The obtained nanocomposite film with 30 wt% ML-MMTs exhibits a tensile strength of 132 MPa, a total light transmittance of 90.2% (550 nm), and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 41.5 g mm/m² day, better than the film made of original MMTs (O-MMTs) and CNFs (30 MPa strength, 60% transparency, and 78.7 g mm/m² day WVTR). Moreover, the physical properties (153 MPa strength and 20.9 g mm/m² day WVTR) of nanocomposite film can be further enhanced by constructing ionic interactions between the ML-MMT and CNF using 0.5 wt% cationic polyethylenimine (PEI). However, as the amount of PEI continues to increase, its performance will be deteriorated dramatically because of the disordered orientation of ML-MMTs. This work could provide an insight into the fabrication of high performance MMT/CNF nanocomposite film for advanced applications.

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Design and Implementation of a Millimeter Wave Monolithic Integrated Mixer

This paper discusses design and implementation of a millimeterwave monolithic integrated balanced mixer, the measured performance compared with the predicted one is also reported. By designing this MMIC mixer, various mathematical methods are used, in which the Method of Conversion Matrix has been extended by the author to meet the requirement of inter-modulation analysis. The mixer is realized in a 2×3mm ² GaAs chip, working in Ka band with bandwidth of 5GHz with a noise figure less than 10 dB.     

Molecular Recognition of the Hybrid‐2 Human Telomeric G‐Quadruplex by Epiberberine: Insights into Conversion of Telomeric G‐Quadruplex Structures

Human telomeres can form DNA G‐quadruplex (G4), an attractive target for anticancer drugs. Human telomeric G4s bear inherent structure polymorphism, challenging for understanding specific recognition by ligands or proteins. Protoberberines are medicinal natural‐products known to stabilize telomeric G4s and inhibit telomerase. Here we report epiberberine (EPI) specifically recognizes the hybrid‐2 telomeric G4 predominant in physiologically relevant K⁺ solution and converts other telomeric G4 forms to hybrid‐2, the first such example reported. Our NMR structure in K⁺ solution shows EPI binding induces extensive rearrangement of the previously disordered 5′‐flanking and loop segments to form an unprecedented four‐layer binding pocket specific to the hybrid‐2 telomeric G4; EPI recruits the (?1) adenine to form a “quasi‐triad” intercalated between the external tetrad and a T:T:A triad, capped by a T:T base pair. Our study provides structural basis for small‐molecule drug design targeting the human telomeric G4.     

减振装置环形阀片局部变载的变形研究

提出了减振器环形节流阀片受局部变载荷作用时挠曲变形量的一种研究方法.根据节流阀片物理模型以及薄板力学的相关理论,推导阀片受局部变载荷作用时挠曲变形量的解析式.与有限元计算结果对比验证了公式以及推导过程的正确性,研究了不同载荷、载荷作用半径以及节流阀片相关结构参数和材料特性对其任意半径处变形量的影响规律.得出的解析式和结论为减振装置阻尼阀的精确设计提供了依据.