Mikrochemische Nachweise und Bestimmungen anorganischer Be standteile des Menschen- und Tierorganismus

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The structure of an Fe monolayer on the Ni (111) surface. A density-functional study using the generalized gradient approximation

Using a density-functional method that employs linear combinations of atomic orbitals as basis sets, nonlocal norm-conserving pseudopotentials and the generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation, we found that at 0 K the atoms of an Fe monolayer on the Ni (111) surface occupy hcp rather than fcc sites, in keeping with previous predictions made using the ab initio all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method with the local spin density approximation.     

Optimized Method for the Determination of Prednisolone, Zn-Bacitracin and Phenylephrine in Local Pharmaceutical Preparations by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography

Summary A new, rapid and simple method is described and applied to resolve and quantify mixtures of prednisolone, Zn-bacitracin and phenylephrine. The determination was accomplished by MEKC. The separation was carried out at 25 °C and 30 kV, using a 5 mM phosphate-5 mM borate buffer (pH=8.2), 40 mM SDS as background electrolyte. Under these conditions, the run time was 6.6 min and the limits of quantification were about 1.0 mg L^–1 for every component. Repeatability and reproducibility studies were achieved showing no significant differences at 95% confidence level. The MEKC method has been applied for quantifying these compounds in different commercials pharmaceuticals products, without separations steps.     

Indirect automatic atomic absorption determination of sulphate based on its precipitation with barium

A continuous precipitation flame atomization atomic absorption spectrometric method for the indirect determination of sulphate is proposed. By using a reversed flow-injection configuration for precipitation as barium sulphate, this anion was determined in the range 10–150 g/ml, with a relative standard deviation of 2.6%. The sensitivity was increased by a factor of seven by using a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame to measure barium.     

Coupling continuous flow systems to instruments based on discrete sample introduction

The interfaces between low-pressure continuous sample treatment systems and high-level information instruments such as gas chromatographs, capillary electrophoresis equipment and graphite furnace atomic spectroscopic instruments, which are characterized by conventional discrete sample introduction devices, are presented. The present and future developments are discussed of (directly) linking real samples and those analytical equipments with the main objective of avoiding or minimizing manually implemented preliminary operations of the analytical process. Received: 27 January 1998 / Revised: 5 March 1998 / Accepted: 7 March 1998     

Sequential atomic absorption spectrometric determination of nitrate and nitrite in meats by liquid-liquid extraction in a flow-injection system

Sequential determinations of nitrate and nitrite based on continuous liquid-liquid extraction, and suitable for their routine determinations in meats, are reported. Nitrate reacts with bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthrolinato)copper(I) to form an ion-pair which is extrated into 4-methyl-2-pentanone in a flow-injection manifold. In one aliquot of sample, nitrite is oxidized by cerium(IV), so that total nitrate is determined. In another, nitrite is converted to nitrogen with sulfamic acid, so that only the original nitrate is determined. By measuring the atomic absorption signal of copper in the organic phase, mixtures of these anions can be determined at μg ml^?1 levels for nitrate/nitrite ratios from 10:1 to 1:10, with a sampling frequency of ca. 20 h^–1.     

Analytical applications of picolinealdehyde salicyloylhydrazone: Spectrophotometric determination of nickel and zinc

With a view to the use of picolinealdehyde salicyloylhydrazone as analytical reagent, a study of the physical properties and chemical reactions of this substance has been carried out. It reacts with nickel (λ_max = 375 nm, ? = 3.9 × 10⁴M^?1cm^?1) or zinc (λ_max = 365 nm, ? = 4.8 × 10⁴M^?1cm^?1) to produce a yellow 1:2 complex in both cases. Spectrophotometric determinations of trace amounts of nickel and zinc have been established.     

On-line sorbent extraction, preconcentration and determination of lead by atomic absorption spectrometry

A method for the quantitative preconcentration of lead based on an existing batch process was developed for implementation in a flow system including a flame AAS detector. Lead can be quantitatively preconcentrated as pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate or dithizonate on an activated carbon minicolumn. The chelates are eluted in methyl isobutyl ketone and introduced directly into the nebuliser-burner. An enrichment factor of 50 is typically obtained for a preconcentration time of 2 min (lead can be determined at concentrations between 15 and 400 ng/ml), which results in a throughput of ca. 25 samples per hr. The sensitivity achieved with the two reagents is similar, but the selectivity provided by APDC exceeds that of dithizone. Based on the results obtained in the determination of lead in reference materials (minerals and skim milk), the proposed APDC method is applicable to real samples.