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PL. Muthuramalingam 《Letters in Mathematical Physics》1982,6(4):303-307
Let
be the selfadjoint operator for the static electromagnetic field where W
j for 0, 1, 2, ..., n is a sum of (i) a short-range potential and (ii) a smooth long-range potential decreasing at as |x|- with in (0, 1]. Then for >1/2, asymptotic completeness holds for the scattering system (H, H
0). 相似文献
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Nano titanium dioxide (nTiO2), generally considered to be toxicologically inert, is manufactured in large quantities and extensively applied in consumer products. The small size and large surface area endow them with an active group or intrinsic toxicity. Advances in instrumentation are making Raman spectroscopy the tool of choice for an increasing number of (bio) chemical applications. One of the great advantages of this technique is its ability to provide information on the concentration, structure and interaction of biochemical molecules in their microenvironments within intact cells and tissues, non-destructively. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), one of the most important vertebrate model organisms used in developmental biology, are increasingly used in biomedical research, particularly as a model of human disease. In the present work, an attempt is made to study the effect of titanium dioxide, both nano and bulk, on the microenvironment of the liver tissues of Zebrafish using FT-Raman spectroscopy. The results of the present study suggest that TiO2 exposure demonstrate a marked influence on the microenvironments of the liver tissues of Zebrafish. A shift to a higher wavenumber and an increase in the intensity of the band at ∼1087 cm−1 in the TiO2 exposed tissues suggest that some of the conformational changes resulting from the alkali recovery process takes place due to TiO2 exposure. The decreased intensity ratio (I3220/I3400) observed in the titanium-exposed tissues suggests a decreased water domain size, which could be interpreted in terms of weaker hydrogen-bonded molecular species of water in the TiO2 exposed tissues. The observed shift of COO− bands to higher frequencies shows the disruption of salt bridges as a result of a change in the oppositely charged partners and due to the enhanced random coil conformation. The variation in the intensity ratio of the tyrosyl doublet (I858/I825) indicates variation in the hydrogen bonding of the phenolic hydroxyl group due to TiO2 exposure. The results further suggest that the microenvironments are greatly altered due to titanium nano exposure when compared to titanium bulk. In conclusion, the results indicate that FT-Raman spectroscopy might be a useful tool for rapid assessment of nano particle biological interactions. 相似文献
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Aequationes mathematicae - 相似文献
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Aequationes mathematicae - 相似文献
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Experimental studies of protein folding processes are frequently hampered by the fact that only low resolution structural data can be obtained with sufficient temporal resolution. Molecular dynamics simulations offer a complementary approach, providing extremely high resolution spatial and temporal data on folding processes. The effectiveness of such simulations is currently hampered by continuing questions regarding the ability of molecular dynamics force fields to reproduce the true potential energy surfaces of proteins, and ongoing difficulties with obtaining sufficient sampling to meaningfully comment on folding mechanisms. We review recent progress in the simulation of three common model systems for protein folding, and discuss how recent advances in technology and theory are allowing protein folding simulations to address their current shortcomings. 相似文献
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Shih AY Arkhipov A Freddolino PL Sligar SG Schulten K 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2007,111(38):11095-11104
The self-assembly of reconstituted discoidal high-density lipoproteins, known as nanodiscs, was studied using coarse-grained molecular dynamics and small-angle X-ray scattering. In humans, high-density lipoprotein particles transport cholesterol in the blood and facilitate the removal of excess cholesterol from the body. Native high-density lipoprotein exhibits a wide variety of shapes and sizes, forming lipid-free/poor, nascent discoidal, and mature spherical particles. Little is known about how these lipoprotein particles assemble and transform from one state to another. Multiple 10 micros coarse-grained simulations reveal the assembly of discoidal high-density lipoprotein particles from disordered protein-lipid complexes. Small-angle X-ray scattering patterns were calculated from the final assembled structures and compared with experimental measurements carried out for this study to verify the accuracy of the coarse-grained simulations. Results show that hydrophobic interactions assemble, within several microseconds, the amphipathic helical proteins and lipids into roughly discoidal particles, while the proteins assume a final approximate double-belt configuration on a slower time scale. 相似文献