Poly[tris(diorganophosphinato)alanes]

Poly[tris(diorganophosphinato)alanes], [Al(OPRR′O)₃]_n, were synthesized in which the organic moieties (R,R′) contained from one to eighteen carbon atoms. Polymeric properties depended upon the organic moieties; polymers were fusible, tractable, and flexible when the organic moieties contained six or more carbon atoms. Soluble polymers were prepared by using mixtures of symmetrical and unsymmetrical phosphinates. One polymer, poly{bis[n-butyl(benzyl)phosphinato]di-n-octylphosphinatoalane}, exhibited a degree of polymerization greater than 1000 and an exceptionally high intrinsic viscosity of 37 dl/g. The properties of the different polymers are discussed, and feasible structures are proposed.     

Refinement of the crystal structure of (RS)-carnitine hydrochloride

A single crystal of (RS)-carnitine hydrochloride has been obtained, and its crystal structure has been refined by an x-ray structural experiment.Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 842–844, November–December, 1991.     

Quantales and continuity spaces

Received July 8, 1991; accepted in final form May 30, 1995.     

Bis(difluoroaluminum)organophosphonates and difluoroaluminumdiorganophosphinates

Oligomers and polymers of the general types [RR′P(O)OA1F₂]_n, I, and [F₂AlOP(R)(O)OAlF₂]_n, II, were prepared by the addition of phosphonic or phosphinic acids and hydrogen fluoride to etherated alanes. The hydrocarbon moieties (R,R′) on the phosphonic and phosphinic acids were important determinants of physical and chemical properties. When the alkyl moieties contained six or more carbon atoms type I oligomers were partially crystalline, soluble in tetrahydrofuran, and fused below 415°C. Type II polymers were soluble in tetrahydrofuran when n-octyl or larger alkyl moieties were used, but these polymers tended to be amorphous and liberated solvated tetrahydrofuran below 225°C. Data are presented in support of inter-monomer fluorine bridge bonding; that is, Al? F? Al bonds.     

Die Reaktion von 72 anorganischen Ionen mit Salieylaldoxim

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Poly[bis(phosphinatoalanyl)phosphonates]

A series of coordination polymers, poly[bis(phosphinatoalanyl)phosphonates], [X(Y)AlOP(R)(O)OAl(Y′)(X′)]_n, were synthesized in which the terminal alanyl substituents (X,Y,X,′Y′) consisted of phosphinato (OPRR′O) or fluoro (F) moieties. The properties of the polymers were primarily dependent upon the type of terminal substituent and the hydrocarbon moieties (R,R′) on phosphorus. Polymers with four phosphinato moieties gave molecular weights M?_n to 120000 with intrinsic viscosities [η] from 1.5 to 18; the corresponding solids were partially crystalline, melted before decomposition, and were film-forming when larger phosphorus substituents were incorporated. Sequential replacement of the phosphinato moieties with fluorine resulted in molecular weights below 10000 and low viscosities. The properties of the polymers are examined, and the roles of substituents on probable structures are discussed.     

Refinement of the crystal structure of (RS)-carnitine hydrochloride

A single crystal of (RS)-carnitine hydrochloride has been obtained, and its crystal structure has been refined by an x-ray structural experiment.     

The Effects of Berry Extracts on Oxidative Stress in Cultured Cardiomyocytes and Microglial Cells: A Potential Cardioprotective and Neuroprotective Mechanism

Oxidative stress is a key underlying factor in cognitive decline and atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress occurs at the cellular level with an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species and a deficiency in antioxidants. Mounting evidence suggests that berry flavonoids may promote cellular health by exerting antioxidant properties. Black currant and various berry extracts were tested in microglia (BV-2) and cardiomyocyte (HL-1) cell lines to study their biological effects. The principal ingredients in black currant and cranberry extract–delphinidin 3-rutinoside (D3R) and cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G), were also assessed. A menadione-induced oxidative stressor was used, and its output was quantified to detect oxidative stress (CellROX^TM). Black currant extract had similar antioxidant effects as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in HL-1 cells with regard to cellular protection, whereas cranberry extract was ineffective. In contrast, cranberry extract was comparable in effectiveness to black currant extract in BV-2 cells. D3R and C3G also reduced oxidative stress similarly to whole berry extracts, which indicates that these ingredients may confer the antioxidant effects of berries. Black currant and cranberry extracts inhibit oxidative stress in microglial and cardiomyocyte cell lines. Black currant extract was more effective in reducing oxidative stress in the HL-1 cells, whereas cranberry extract was comparable in reducing oxidative stress in the BV-2 cells. The results suggest that berry flavonoids exert neuro- and cardioprotective effects.     

Dual-detection approach for a charge variant analysis of monoclonal antibody combination products using imaged capillary isoelectric focusing

The clinical benefits of treatments with a combination of two or more therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged in recent years. Imaged capillary isoelectric focusing is a frequently used technology in the biopharmaceutical industry for charge variant analysis of protein therapeutics. However, with the wide concentration ranges of combination products, one component may fall within the linear detection range, whereas the other does not. Here, we report a novel methodology to explore charge variants of mAb mixtures using multiple detection techniques simultaneously. We use ultraviolet absorbance to monitor the charge variants of the high-concentration component and native fluorescence (FL) to monitor the variants of the low-concentration one. Charge variants of mixtures that span 40-fold in ratio differences can be accurately quantified with this approach. In contrast to the conventional methods, it is not necessary to prepare and analyze two samples at different concentrations and combine the results for combination product testing. Additionally, the use of FL detection enables the charge variant analysis of highly potent/low abundant mAbs in a mixture. This methodology is more quality-control friendly and efficient for the charge variant analysis of combination products with wide ratios.