Waveguide propagation of intense electromagnetic radiation in slightly inhomogeneous nonlinear media

The propagation of self-localizing beams of electromagnetic waves in the form of nonlinear waveguides in a slightly inhomogeneous medium is studied analytically and numerically. The trajectories of the axial ray are studied as a function of its direction and the field strength at the initial point on the basis of a nonlinear scalar Helmholtz equation. Analytic expressions are derived. The longitudinal refractive index, the field intensity, and the waveguide radius are plotted as functions of the instantaneous position of the point on the axial ray. Deep penetration of the beam into the opaque region and the position of the screening surface are studied as functions of the parameters of the beam and the medium. A steady-state 3D problem is analyzed for a power-law nonlinearity with an arbitrary power. A 2D problem is analyzed for the case of a ponderomotive nonlinearity with saturation.     

Langmuir-blodgett films of immunoglobulins as sensing elements

Summary Langmuir-Blodgett films of a number of native proteins have been prepared and their activities confirmed. The possibility of exploiting these layers in immunosensing structures is also reported. Work presented at the second USSR-Italy Bilateral Meeting on Liquid Crystals held in Moscow, September 15–21, 1988.     

新开花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠过程

本文利用荧光光谱和园二色光谱了新开花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠过程。结果显示：新开花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠是一个只包含天然蛋白和变性终态的二态过程,与已经报道的天花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠的过程不同。     

Review of nanofluids for heat transfer applications

Research on nanofluids has progressed rapidly since its enhanced thermal conductivity was first repotted about a decade ago,though much controversy and inconsistency have been reported,and insufficient understanding of the formulation and mechanism of nanofluids further limits their applications.This work presents a critical review of research on heat transfer applications of nanofluids with the aim of identifying the limiting factors so as to push forward their further development.     

Enhancement of the magnetorefractive effect in magnetophotonic crystals

The magnetorefractive effect in a one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystal, more specifically, a photonic crystal (SiO₂/Ta₂O₅) containing a built-in defect in the form of a thin layer of the Co-(Al-O) magnetic nanocomposite, is studied in a computer simulation experiment. The structure of the unit cell of the photonic crystal in which most of the field energy is concentrated in cells nearest to the defect is determined. This makes it possible to increase the defect-mode Q factor and, owing to the multiple passage of light along the defect, to enhance the magnetorefractive effect by more than one order of magnitude as compared to a thin film on a substrate and by two orders of magnitude as compared to thick films. The reflectance of these structures in an applied magnetic field can be as high as 60%.