Catalytic ignition of ionic liquids for propellant applications

In this proof of concept study, the ionic liquids, 2-hydroxyethylhydrazinium nitrate and 2-hydroxyethylhydrazinium dinitrate, ignited on contact with preheated Shell 405 (iridium supported on alumina) catalyst and energetically decomposed with no additional ignition source, suggesting a possible route to hydrazine replacements.     

Photographing Photoelastic-coating Patterns

Experimental Techniques -     

An improved error bound for a finite element approximation of a model for phase separation of a multi-component alloy

Using the approach of Rulla (1996 SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 33, 68-87)for analysing the time discretization error and assuming moreregularity on the initial data, we improve on the error boundderived by Barrett and Blowey (1996 IMA J. Numer. Anal. 16,257-287) for a fully practical piecewise linear finite elementapproximation with a backward Euler time discretization of amodel for phase separation of a multi-component alloy.     

The automation of a commercial Fourier transform mass spectrometer to provide a quick and robust method for determining exact mass for the synthetic chemist

Automation of a commercially available Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer for the routine analysis of the synthetic products from high-speed chemistry is described. The automation includes software written by the instrument manufacturer and in-house developed software; allowing electronic submission of samples from the chemist and e-mailing of results back to the chemist. The use of samples of relatively high concentration (ca 1 mg x mL(-1)) is possible due to the protocol that has been developed, which includes dilution by the autosampler during sample injection. Though high concentrations are used for speed and convenience the amount of sample consumed is still small ca 15 microg per injection. The results from this method have been shown to be both accurate (average error +/- 0.91 ppm) and precise (-0.70 ppm to 2.26 ppm). The system is capable of analysing up to 800 samples per 24 hours. As high speed chemistry becomes more highly utilised within discovery the number of samples requiring accurate mass analysis will rise, and the method we have described will prevent high resolution mass spectrometry becoming the bottleneck in new chemical entity production. The accuracy and precision demonstrated by this method allows high confidence levels in assigned molecular formulae for expected compounds and reduces the number of possible formulae to consider when working with a compound that is not the desired product of a given reaction.     

Length two extensions of modules for the Witt algebra

In this paper, we establish an explicit classification of length two extensions of tensor modules for the Witt algebra using the cohomology of the Witt algebra with coe?cients in the module of the space of homomorphisms between the two modules of interest. To do this we extended our module to a module that has a compatible action of the commutative algebra of Laurent polynomials in one variable. In this setting, we are be able to directly compute all possible 1-cocycles.