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In his celebrated paper, Polya has considered the random walk in the three-dimensional (cubic) lattice and showed that the probability of return to the origin is less than 1. Subsequent authors have shown that the probability is %34.053.... Here we consider the same random walk, with the restriction that the drunkard is only allowed to stay inxyz. It is shown that his probability of returning to the originand staying in the allowed region is %6.4844.... 相似文献
3.
Elena Levi Eli Lancry Yossi Gofer Doron Aurbach 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2006,10(3):176-184
A crystallographic approach was applied to elucidate the influence of the nature of the surface films on the electrochemical
behavior of Li and Mg intercalation compounds. This paper presents two examples: (1) protection of graphite electrodes by
Li2CO3 surface films, and (2) the unique electrochemical behavior of Mg-containing Chevrel phases (MgCP) obtained by different synthetic
routes. In the former case, the elucidation of the protection mechanism and the explanation of the high performance of such
protected electrodes are based on the analysis of possible Li-ion motion in the carbonate crystal structure. In the latter
case, a combination of synthesis, electrochemistry and XRD analysis was used to explain an unusual phenomenon: the difference
between the excellent electrochemical behavior of the Chevrel phase (CP) based on Cu-leached Cu2Mo6S8 (CuCP), and the poor electrochemical activity of the high-temperature synthesized MgCP, with the same phase composition.
It is shown that this phenomenon is caused by MgO formation on the surface of the latter material. The different surface chemistry
of the MgCPs obtained by the two different synthetic routes was substantiated by revealing the correlation between the electrochemical
activity and the chemical stability of these materials under ambient atmosphere conditions.
Dedicated to Prof. Mikhail A. Vorotyntsev on the occasion of his 60th birthday. 相似文献
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Snezhana I. Abarzhi Desmon L. Hill Annie Naveh Kurt C. Williams Cameron E. Wright 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,24(6)
Supernovae are explosions of stars and are a central problem in astrophysics. Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) and Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instabilities develop during the star’s explosion and lead to intense interfacial RT/RM mixing of the star materials. We handle the mathematical challenges of the RT/RM problem based on the group theory approach. We directly link the conservation laws governing RT/RM dynamics to the symmetry-based momentum model, derive the model parameters, and find the analytical solutions and characteristics of RT/RM dynamics with variable accelerations in the linear, nonlinear and mixing regimes. The theory outcomes explain the astrophysical observations and yield the design of laboratory experiments. They suggest that supernova evolution is a non-equilibrium process directed by the arrow of time. 相似文献
6.
Yaron Haviv Olga Georgiev Tal Gaver-Bracha Sharleen Hamad Alina Nemirovski Rivka Hadar Yair Sharav Doron J. Aframian Yariv Brotman Joseph Tam 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(14)
Background: the endocannabinoid system (ECS) participates in many physiological and pathological processes including pain generation, modulation, and sensation. Its involvement in chronic orofacial pain (OFP) in general, and the reflection of its involvement in OFP in salivary endocannabinoid (eCBs) levels in particular, has not been examined. Objectives: to evaluate the association between salivary (eCBs) levels and chronic OFP. Methods: salivary levels of 2 eCBs, anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), 2 endocannabinoid-like compoundsN-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), and their endogenous precursor and breakdown product, arachidonic acid (AA), were analyzed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in 83 chronic OFP patients and 43 pain-free controls. The chronic OFP patients were divided according to diagnosis into musculoskeletal, neurovascular/migraine, and neuropathic pain types. Results: chronic OFP patients had lower levels of OEA (p = 0.02) and 2-AG (p = 0.01). Analyzing specific pain types revealed lower levels of AEA and OEA in the neurovascular group (p = 0.04, 0.02, respectively), and 2-AG in the neuropathic group compared to controls (p = 0.05). No significant differences were found between the musculoskeletal pain group and controls. Higher pain intensity was accompanied by lower levels of AA (p = 0.028), in neuropathic group. Conclusions: lower levels of eCBs were found in the saliva of chronic OFP patients compared to controls, specifically those with neurovascular/migraine, and neuropathic pain. The detection of changes in salivary endocannabinoids levels related to OFP adds a new dimension to our understanding of OFP mechanisms, and may have diagnostic as well as therapeutic implications for pain. 相似文献
7.
Dr. Umesh A. Kshirsagar Regev Parnes Hagit Goldshtein Dr. Rivka Ofir Dr. Raz Zarivach Dr. Doron Pappo 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(40):13575-13583
An iron‐based cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) approach was applied for the diversity‐oriented synthesis of coumestrol‐based selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), representing the first application of CDC chemistry in natural product synthesis. The first stage of the two‐step synthesis of coumestrol involved a modified aerobic oxidative cross‐coupling between ethyl 2‐(2,4‐dimethoxybenzoyl)acetate and 3‐methoxyphenol, with FeCl3 (10 mol %) as the catalyst. The benzofuran coupling product was then subjected to sequential deprotection and lactonization steps, affording the natural product in 59 % overall yield. Based on this new methodology other coumestrol analogues were prepared, and their effects on the proliferation of the estrogen receptor (ER)‐dependent MCF‐7 and of the ER‐independent MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells were tested. As a result, new types of estrogen receptor ligands having an acetamide group instead of the 9‐hydroxyl group of coumestrol were discovered. Both 9‐acetamido‐coumestrol and 8‐acetamidocoumestrol were found more active than the natural product against estrogen‐dependent MCF‐7 breast cancer cells, with IC50 values of 30 and 9 nM , respectively. 相似文献
8.
The inelastic scattering of neutrino off 4He is calculated microscopically at energies typical for core-collapse supernova environment. The calculation is carried out with the Argonne V18 nucleon-nucleon potential and the Urbana IX three-nucleon force. Full final state interaction is included via the Lorentz integral transform method. The contribution of axial meson exchange currents to the cross sections is taken into account from effective field theory of nucleons and pions to order O(Q3). 相似文献
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10.
Ortal Haik Francis Susai Amalraj Daniel Hirshberg Luba Burlaka Michael Talianker Boris Markovsky Ella Zinigrad Doron Aurbach Jordan K. Lampert Ji-Yong Shin Martin Schulz-Dobrick Arnd Garsuch 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2014,18(8):2333-2342
Thermodynamic instability of positive electrodes (cathodes) in Li-ion batteries in humid air and battery solutions results in capacity fading and batteries degradation, especially at elevated temperatures. In this work, we studied thermal interactions between cathode materials Li2MnO3, xLi2MnO3 .(1???x)Li(MnNiCo)O2,LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2, LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4, LiMn(or Fe)PO4, and battery solutions containing ethylene carbonate (EC) or propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) or ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) and LiPF6 salt in the temperature range of 40–400 °C. It was found that these materials are stable chemically and well performing in LiPF6-based solutions up to 60 °C. The thermal decomposition of the electrolyte solutions starts >180 °C. The macro-structural transformations of cathode materials upon exothermic reactions were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray difraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies have shown that the exothermic reactions in the temperature range of 60–140 °C lead to partial decomposition of both the cathode material and electrolyte solution. The systems thus formed consisted of partially decomposed solutions and partially chemically delithiated cathode materials covered by reactions products. Thermal reactions terminate and this system reaches equilibrium at about 120 °C. It remains stable up to the beginning of the solution decomposition at about 180 °C. The increased content of surface Li2CO3 is found to significantly affect the thermal processes at high temperature range due to extensive exothermic decomposition at low temperatures. 相似文献