Wavelength and power monitoring of DWDM systems using scanning F–P filter calibrated with a F–P laser

A novel technique to overcome the long-term drift and hysteresis of a scanning Fabry–Perot filter was developed and applied to wavelength and power monitoring of DWDM system. By using the comb peaks generated by a temperature-stabilized, near threshold-biased Fabry–Perot diode laser as wavelength reference for the scanning Fabry–Perot filter, wavelength and power measurement accuracy of better than ±10 pm and 0.2 dB, respectively, were achieved.     

All-optical add-drop node for optical packet-switched networks

We have demonstrated all-optical packet add-drop for all-optical packet-switched networks. Intelligent all-optical add-drop of packets is performed, based on all-optical processing of packet headers. The header and payload rates are 5 and 10 Gbits/s, respectively.     

Broadband wavelength converter based on four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber

We demonstrate a 10 Gbit/s nonreturn-to-zero wavelength converter based on four-wave mixing in a 20 m highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. The tunable wavelength conversion bandwidth (3 dB) is about 100 nm. The conversion efficiency is -16 dB when the pump power is 22.5 dBm. Phase modulation was not used to suppress the stimulated Brillouin scattering; thus the linewidth of the converted wavelength remained very narrow. The eye diagrams show that there is no additional noise during wavelength conversion. The measured power penalty at a 10(-9) bit-error-rate level is about 0.7 dB.     

A cheap and practical FBG temperature sensor utilizing a long-period grating in a photonic crystal fiber

A whole temperature sensor in one package utilizing a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) made in a conventional single-mode fiber and which uses a long-period grating (LPG) made in a photonic crystal fiber is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The function of the interrogation is that the wavelength change of the FBG with environmental temperature is transferred to the intensity of the output via the LPG. Utilizing the temperature-insensitivity of the LPG in the PCF, the interrogation is stable and enables a cheap and practical temperature measurement system with a wide dynamic range.     

A Parametric Quadratic Program to Solve A Class of Bicriteria Decision Problems

This paper presents an extension of Beale's Quadratic Programming Algorithm to perform parametric analysis on the right hand side element of a single constraint. Specific examples are given to illustrate the utilization of the method for a class of bi-criteria decision problems, where one of the criteria can be formulated as a quadratic function, such as risk, sum of squared deviations or a utility function, and the other one is usually a linear cost or return function which can be treated as a parametric constraint.     

Investigation of glow discharge of gas in hollow-core fibers

For the purpose of constructing novel waveguide gas lasers based on hollow-core fibers, we carried out a series of discharge experiments and succeeded in obtaining sustained glow discharge of gas in a 150-μm-inner-diameter (i.d.) hollow-core fiber with the length of 13.7 cm and in a 50-μm-i.d. hollow-core fiber with the length of 2.9 cm by using longitudinal direct current excitation. A flash glow is also observed in hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber with 20-μm i.d. and 2.6-cm length. Initial measurements of current–voltage (I–V) characteristics have been carried out for fibers of various hollow-core sizes filled with various gases at different pressures. Theoretical I–V characteristics are presented and compared with experimental results. Gas discharges in miniature-bore hollow-core fibers were found to exhibit unique characteristics that are different from the traditional larger-bore-diameter tubes. The glow-discharge spectrum of helium gas in a 150-μm-i.d. and 8-cm-length hollow-core fiber is also presented. PACS 42.55.Wd; 42.55.Lt; 52.80.-s     

The evolution of the magnetic moment in a corrugated magnetic field

In the first part, the equations of motion in a weakly corrugated, periodic magnetic field are linearized and solved by using paraxial approximation, to describe the model and the associated resonance condition. In the second part, the nonlinear evolution of the magnetic moment of resonant particles, in connection with their axial displacement is investigated analytically by using the multiple scale method. It is seen that the linear evolution is converted into a slow and periodic oscillation around the unperturbed value, with a considerable amplitude. The analytic expressions for the period and amplitude of the oscillations are derived and compared with the numerical simulations, which are also presented. Finally, the limitations of the paraxial approximation are concluded by investigating the numerical simulations, with actual field expressions. (c) 1997 American Institute of Physics.     

Actively mode-locked 1.3 and 1.55 μm InGaAsP diode lasers

Active mode-locking of uncoated InGaAsP diode lasers having an external diffraction grating cavity was investigated experimentally. A high frequency r.f. signal and short-duration electrical pulses were used to drive the lasers. The pulse duration was measured by an ultrafast streak camera. Pulses as short as 13 ps at 1.3m and 29 ps at 1.55m were generated at a repetition rate of 1 GHz. The reason for obtaining broader pulses from the 1.55m laser which had the same structure as the 1.3m diode laser is explained.Formerly with GEC Hirst Research Centre, Wembley, Middlesex, UK.     

Photopolymer microtips for efficient light coupling between single-mode fibers and photonic crystal fibers

A novel method for light coupling between single-mode fibers (SMFs) and small-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is demonstrated. The method is based on growing photopolymer microtips directly on the end faces of SMFs. The shape and size of the tips can be controlled by adjusting the laser power and the exposure time for polymerization to match the mode field to the small-core PCFs. A 5 dB improvement in coupling efficiency between a SMF and a commercial small-core, highly nonlinear PCF is experimentally demonstrated. This compact and efficient butt-coupling method is particularly suitable for PCF gas sensor applications.     

Fusion splicing small-core photonic crystal fibers and single-mode fibers by repeated arc discharges

We demonstrate a novel method for low-loss splicing small-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) and single-mode fibers (SMFs) by repeated arc discharges using a conventional fusion splicer. An optimum mode field match at the interface of PCF-SMF and an adiabatic mode field variation in the longitudinal direction of the small-core PCF can be achieved by repeated arc discharges applied over the splicing joint to gradually collapse the air holes of the small-core PCF. This method is simple and offers a practical solution for light coupling between small-core PCFs and SMFs.