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We have theoretically studied the possibility to control the equilibrium solubility of dopants in semiconductor alloys, by strategic tuning of the alloy concentration. From the modeled cases of C(0) in Si(x)Ge(1-x), Zn(-) and Cd(-) in Ga(x)In(1-x)P it is seen that under certain conditions the dopant solubility can be orders of magnitude higher in an alloy or multilayer than in either of the elements of the alloy. This is found to be due to the solubility's strong dependence on the lattice constant for size mismatched dopants. The equilibrium doping concentration in alloys or multilayers could therefore be increased significantly. More specifically, Zn- in a Ga(x)In(1-x)P multilayer is found to have a maximum solubility for x = 0.9, which is 5 orders of magnitude larger than that of pure InP. 相似文献
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We examine the real space structure and the electronic structure (particularly Ce4f electron localization) of oxygen vacancies in CeO(2) (ceria) as a function of U in density functional theory studies with the rotationally invariant forms of the LDA+U and GGA+U functionals. The four nearest neighbor Ce ions always relax outwards, with those not carrying localized Ce4f charge moving furthest. Several quantification schemes show that the charge starts to become localized at U approximately 3 eV and that the degree of localization reaches a maximum at approximately 6 eV for LDA+U or at approximately 5.5 eV for GGA+U. For higher U it decreases rapidly as charge is transferred onto second neighbor O ions and beyond. The localization is never into atomic corelike states; at maximum localization about 80-90% of the Ce4f charge is located on the two nearest neighboring Ce ions. However, if we look at the total atomic charge we find that the two ions only make a net gain of (0.2-0.4)e each, so localization is actually very incomplete, with localization of Ce4f electrons coming at the expense of moving other electrons off the Ce ions. We have also revisited some properties of defect-free ceria and find that with LDA+U the crystal structure is actually best described with U=3-4 eV, while the experimental band structure is obtained with U=7-8 eV. (For GGA+U the lattice parameters worsen for U>0 eV, but the band structure is similar to LDA+U.) The best overall choice is U approximately 6 eV with LDA+U and approximately 5.5 eV for GGA+U, since the localization is most important, but a consistent choice for both CeO(2) and Ce(2)O(3), with and without vacancies, is hard to find. 相似文献
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Elisabeth CW van Straaten Willem de Haan Hanneke de Waal Philip Scheltens Wiesje M van der Flier Frederik Barkhof Ted Koene Cornelis J Stam 《BMC neuroscience》2012,13(1):1-7
Background
This study examined the effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as different n-6: n-3 ratios on spatial learning and gene expression of peroxisome- proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the hippocampus of rats. Thirty male Sprague?CDawley rats were randomly allotted into 3 groups of ten animals each and received experimental diets with different n-6: n-3 PUFA ratios of either 65:1, 22:1 or 4.5:1. After 10?weeks, the spatial memory of the animals was assessed using the Morris Water Maze test. The expression of PPAR?? and PPAR?? genes were determined using real-time PCR.Results
Decreasing dietary n-6: n-3 PUFA ratios improved the cognitive performance of animals in the Morris water maze test along with the upregulation of PPAR?? and PPAR?? gene expression. The animals with the lowest dietary n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio presented the highest spatial learning improvement and PPAR gene expression.Conclusion
It can be concluded that modulation of n-6: n-3 PUFA ratios in the diet may lead to increased hippocampal PPAR gene expression and consequently improved spatial learning and memory in rats. 相似文献8.
Bobeldijk I Bouwhuis M Ireland DG de Jager CW Jans E de Jonge N Kasdorp WJ Konijn J Lapikás L van Leeuwe JJ van der Meer RL Nooren GJ Passchier E Schroevers M van der Steenhoven G Steijger JJ Theunissen JA van Uden MA de Vries H de Vries R de Witt Huberts PK Blok HP van den Brink HB Dodge GE Harakeh MN Hesselink WH Kalantar-Nayestanaki N Pellegrino A Spaltro CM Templon JA Hicks RS Kelly JJ Marchand C 《Physical review letters》1994,73(20):2684-2687
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Poolman HR Boersma DJ Harvey M Higinbotham DW Passchier I Six E Alarcon R van Amersfoort PW Bauer TS Boer Rookhuizen H van Den Brand JF van Buuren LD Bulten HJ Ent R Ferro-Luzzi M Geurts DG Heimberg P de Jager CW Klimin P Koop I Kroes F van Der Laan J Luijckx G Lysenko A Militsyn B Nesterenko I 《Physical review letters》2000,84(17):3855-3858
We report on first measurements with polarized electrons stored in a medium-energy ring and with a polarized internal target. Polarized electrons were injected at 442 MeV (653 MeV), and a partial (full) Siberian snake was employed to preserve the polarization. Longitudinal polarization at the interaction point and polarization lifetime of the stored electrons were determined with laser backscattering. Spin observables were measured for electrodisintegration of polarized 3He, with simultaneous detection of scattered electrons, protons, neutrons, deuterons, and 3He nuclei, over a large phase space. 相似文献