Visual measurements of droplet size in gas–liquid annular flow

Drop size distributions have been measured for nitrogen–water annular flow in a 9.67 mm hydraulic diameter duct, at system pressures of 3.4 and 17 bar and a temperature of 38 °C. These new data extend the range of conditions represented by existing data in the literature, primarily through an increase in system pressure. Since most existing correlations were developed from data obtained at lower pressures, it should be expected that the higher-pressure data presented in this paper would not necessarily follow those correlations. For two volume median correlations tested, one does not predict the new data very well, while the other only predicts those data taken at the lower pressure of 3.4 atm. An existing maximum drop size correlation predicts the current data to a reasonable approximation. Similarly, a related correlation for the Sauter mean diameter can predict the new data, provided the coefficient in the equation is adjusted.     

Itaconic acid hybrids as potential anticancer agents

Molecular Diversity - In this paper, we report the synthesis of novel hybrids 2–14 based on itaconic acid and fluoroaniline, pyridine, indole and quinoline scaffolds. Itaconic acid is a...     

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Harmirins,Novel Harmine–Coumarin Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents

As cancer remains one of the major health burdens worldwide, novel agents, due to the development of resistance, are needed. In this work, we designed and synthesized harmirins, which are hybrid compounds comprising harmine and coumarin scaffolds, evaluated their antiproliferative activity, and conducted cell localization and cell cycle analysis experiments. Harmirins were prepared from the corresponding alkynes and azides under mild reaction conditions using Cu(I) catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition, leading to the formation of the 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring. Antiproliferative activity of harmirins was evaluated in vitro against four human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HCT116, SW620, and HepG2) and one human non-cancer cell line (HEK293T). The most pronounced activities were exerted against MCF-7 and HCT116 cell lines (IC₅₀ in the single-digit micromolar range), while the most selective harmirins were 5b and 12b, substituted at C-3 and O-7 of the β-carboline core and bearing methyl substituent at position 6 of the coumarin ring (SIs > 7.2). Further experiments demonstrated that harmirin 12b is localized exclusively in the cytoplasm. In addition, it induced a strong G1 arrest and reduced the percentage of cells in the S phase, suggesting that it might exert its antiproliferative activity through inhibition of DNA synthesis, rather than DNA damage. In conclusion, harmirin 12b is a novel harmine and coumarin hybrid with significant antiproliferative activity and warrants further evaluation as a potential anticancer agent.     

Die Bestimmung von Bleispuren in Trinkw?ssern

Zusammenfassung Die colorimetrische Bestimmung von Bleispuren in Trinkwässern als Bleisulfid nach den bis jetzt bekannten Vorschriften wird durch Eisen, Mangan und organische Substanzen oft gestört. Obige Mitteilung enthält eine vergleichende Untersuchung von Methoden zur Beseitigung dieser Störungen. Auch die Haltbarkeit der bleisulfidhaltigen Vergleichslösungen und die Genauigkeit der colorimetrischen Titration wurden eingehend untersucht. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wurde der Prüfung der Reagenzien geschenkt: In Zusammenhang mit der dritten Vorschrift haben wir die Bleiadsorption auf CaC03 bei verschiedener Alkalität sowie die Löslichkeit von Schwermetallsulfiden in verdünnter Salzsäure studiert. Schließlich haben wir drei Vorschriften aufgestellt, welche sich teilweise auf die Schoorlschen Vorschriften stützen und unseres Erachtens in allen in der Praxis vorkommenden. Fällen die Bleibestimmung ermöglichen.Vorschrift 'I dient zur Bleibestimmung (100, und mehr je Liter) in humusarmen Gewässern. Sie wird in ammoniakalischer, cyanid- und tartrathaltiger Lösung ausgeführt. Vorschrift II ermöglicht die Be stimmung in von Humusstoffen gelb gefärbten Trinkwässern; man oxydiert diese mit Ammonpersulfat und verfährt weiter nach I. Vorschrift III beschreibt die selektive Trennung des Bleis von Kupfer durch Adsorption auf CaCO₃, Nach Behandlung mit Persulfat und mit Hydrazinchlorid wird die colorimetrische Bestimmung in essigsaurem Mittel durchgeführt. Diese letzte Vorschrift ist umständlicher, besitzt aber verschiedene Vorteile: sie ermöglicht die Bestimmung auch in sehr eisenreichen Wässern, ganz kleine Bleimengen (20–100 % je Liter) lassen sich quantitativ messen, die Vergleichslösungen halten sich länger, die colorimetrische Titration ist genauer in essigsaurem Mittel und durch Salzsäurezusatz läßt sich kontrollieren, daß keine anderen Sulfide (HgS, CuS, Bi₂,S₃) anwesend sind.     

Anthranilamides with quinoline and β-carboline scaffolds: design,synthesis, and biological activity

Molecular Diversity - In the present study, we report the design and synthesis of novel amide-type hybrid molecules based on anthranilic acid and quinoline or β-carboline heterocyclic...     

Interfacial structure in an air–water planar bubble jet

The objective of the current study is to better understand the interfacial structure and its development in an air–water planar bubble jet, as well as to provide a unique benchmark data set for a 3D thermal-hydraulic analysis code. Both flow visualization and local measurements were performed in three characteristic flow conditions at four elevations along a test section with a cross section of 200 mm in width and 10 mm in gap. A high-speed digital video camera was applied in the flow visualization study to capture the flow structures and bubble interaction phenomena, while a miniaturized four-sensor conductivity probe was used to acquire the time-averaged local void fraction, interfacial velocity, and bubble number frequency. Also, the interfacial area concentration and the averaged bubble Sauter mean diameter were obtained from the local measurements. The lateral bubble transport and bubble interaction mechanisms were clearly demonstrated in the acquired data.