Complete assignment of the vibrational modes of C60 by inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy and periodic-DFT

In this paper we exploit the complementarity of inelastic neutron scattering (INS), infrared and Raman spectroscopies with ab initio calculations to generate an updated assignment of the vibrational modes of C(60). We have carried out periodic-DFT calculations of the high temperature face centred cubic phase modelled as the standard structure and also of the low temperature simple cubic phase, the latter for the first time. Our assignment differs from all previous work, however, it is the only one that is able to successfully reproduce the INS spectrum in terms of both transition energies and intensities. In addition to the INS spectrum we are also able to quantitatively simulate the major features of the infrared and Raman spectra in the high temperature phase and the infrared spectrum in the low temperature phase.     

High temperature hydrogenation of CaC6

The structure and superconducting properties of high temperature hydrogenated calcium-graphite intercalation compound, CaC₆ have been investigated using room temperature X-ray diffraction, and temperature and field dependence of magnetisation. It is found that the hydrogenation can only decompose the CaC₆ phase, and generate a mixture of CaH₂ and graphite as the final compound. The hydrogenation of CaC₆ also reveals a degradation of its superconducting properties. The experimental results are discussed in detail and it is found that the formation of stable CaH₂ and deintercalation are the main source for observed phase separation and suppression in superconductivity.     

Rheology of pulp suspensions using ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry

Conventional rheometry coupled with local velocity measurements (ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry) are used to study the flow behaviour of various commercial pulp fibre suspensions at fibre mass concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 wt.%. Experimental data obtained using a stress-controlled rheometer by implementing a vane in large cup geometry exhibits apparent yield stress values which are lower than those predicted before mainly due to existence of apparent slip. Pulp suspensions exhibit shear-thinning behaviour up to a high shear rate value after which Newtonian behaviour prevails. Local velocity measurements prove the existence of significant wall slippage at the vane surface. The velocimetry technique is also used to study the influence of pH and lignin content on the flow behaviour of pulp suspensions. The Herschel–Bulkley constitutive equation is used to fit the local steady-state velocity profiles and to predict the steady-state flow curves obtained by conventional rheometry. Consistency between the various sets of data is found for all suspensions studied, including apparent yield stress, apparent wall slip and complete flow curves.     

Simple Zeros of the Riemann Zeta-Function

Assuming the Riemann Hypothesis, Montgomery showed by meansof his pair correlation method that at least two-thirds of thezeros of Riemann's zeta-function are simple. Later he and Taylorimproved this to 67.25 percent and, more recently, Cheer andGoldston increased the percentage to 67.2753. Here we proveby a new method that if the Riemann and Generalized LindelöofHypotheses hold, then at least 70.3704 percent of the zerosare simple and at least 84.5679 percent are distinct. Our methoduses mean value estimates for various functions defined by Dirichletseries sampled at the zeros of the Riemann zeta-function. 1991Mathematics Subject Classification: 11M26.     

Quantum effects on liquid dynamics as evidenced by the presence of well-defined collective excitations in liquid para-hydrogen

The origin of the well-defined collective excitations found in liquid para-H2 by recent experiments is investigated. The persistence of their relatively long lifetimes down to microscopic scales is well accounted for by calculations carried out by means of path-integral-centroid molecular dynamics. In contrast only overdamped excitations are found in calculations carried within the classical limit. The results provide fully quantitative evidence of quantum effects on the dynamics of a simple liquid.     

Quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno paradoxes

Continuous observation of a time independent projection operator is known to prevent change of state (the quantum Zeno paradox). We discuss the recent result that generic continuous measurement of time dependent projection operators will in fact ensure change of state: an anti-Zeno paradox.