Working group report: Flavor physics and model building

This is the report of flavor physics and model building working group at WHEPP-9. While activites in flavor physics have been mainly focused on B-physics, those in model building have been primarily devoted to neutrino physics. We present summary of working group discussions carried out during the workshop in the above fields, and also briefly review the progress made in some projects subsequently.     

Substituted m-phenylene bridges as strong ferromagnetic couplers for Cu(II)-bridge-Cu(II) magnetic interactions: new perspectives

Based on a combined theoretical-experimental study, we propose that substituted m-phenylene ligands (m-N-Phi-N) can act as tuneable strong ferromagnetic couplers connecting Cu(II) ions; a new complex presenting that bridge with J close to +15 cm(-1) has been suggested and synthesized.     

Reductive nitrosylation of tetraoxometallates—XVII. Molybdate-hydroxylamine-cyanide reaction, and synthesis and characterization of K2[Mo(NO)(CN)5] and (NMe4)2[Mo(NO)(CN)4]

A reaction condition is established which determines the nature of the products in the molybdate-hydroxylamine-cyanide reaction. With hydroxylamine always used in excess, it is the hydroxyl ion concentration of the reaction mixture which plays a vital role in determining whether K₄[Mo(NO)(CN)₅] or K₂[Mo(NO)(CN)₅] is obtained exclusively. The latter product is hereby reported for the first time. Its powder diffractogram being typical of a cubic system, a gross structural characterization has been made possible. The former under aqueous, aerobic conditions yields a new product, (NMe₄)₂[Mo(NO)(CN)₄].     

A general microcantilever surface modification method using a multilayer for biospecific recognition

The key to microcantilever surface modification technology is to selectively modify one side of a microcantilever surface with molecular recognition layers. In this paper, we report a general microcantilever modification method using a multilayer film.     

Extracellular pH influences the mode of cell death in human colon adenocarcinoma cells subjected to photodynamic treatment with chlorin p6

Effect of varying extracellular pH on mode of cell death induced by photodynamic action of chlorin p6 was investigated in human colon carcinoma (Colo-205) cells. At an extracellular pH of 7.4, compared to cells treated with chlorin p6 in dark, the photodynamically treated cells showed reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in ADP/ATP ratio (1:2) and a large percentage of cells with chromatin condensation. In contrast, when photodynamic treatment and post irradiation incubation was carried out in acidic medium (pH 6.5), total loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, a marked increase in ADP/ATP ratio (1:33) and increased damage to plasma membrane were observed. Further, cells subjected to photodynamic treatment in a medium of pH 7.4 showed twofold increase in caspase-3 activity as compared to photodynamic treatment at pH 6.5. These results suggest that chlorin p6 mediated photodynamic action induces apoptotic cell death when extracellular pH is 7.4 whereas necrosis is more predominant under condition when extracellular pH is 6.5.     

Evaluation of contributions to the uncertainty of cholesterol determination in human serum by means of gas chromatography/(quadrupole-) mass spectrometry

 The uncertainty budget of the determination of cholesterol in a reference material (freeze-dried human serum) by isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) was evaluated. Measurements were run on a GC/quadrupole MS. A nested experimental design combined with a corresponding model for the analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed the components making up the total uncertainty of the determinations. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the sole GC/MS-step was 0.47%, while that of the sample preparation including hydrolyzation, extraction and derivatization was 0.84%. This made the in-laboratory (overall) CV 0.96%. In addition, there was a vial-to-vial effect of 1.00% probably due to both inhomogeneity of the pooled material and lack of reproducibility of the filling procedure (including freeze drying) of the supplier as well as the reconstitution prior to use in the laboratory. These contributions sum up to an overall CV of a single determination of about 1.4%. Received: 17 October 1996/Revised: 14 November 1996/Accepted: 18 November 1996     

Fabrication of nanoscale metallic spirals using phospholipid microtubule organizational templates

We describe the fabrication of metallic Cu spiral/helical nanostructures prepared via selective electroless metallization of a phospholipid microtubule template. The metallization template is created through selective, sequential adsorption of the oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), onto nanoscale seams naturally occurring on the microtubule surface. A negatively charged Pd(II) nanoparticle catalyst is bound to the terminal cationic PEI layer of the multilayer film and initiates selective template metallization to form the helical Cu nanostructures. Details of the process are presented, and a mechanism and factors affecting the control of the feature critical dimensions are discussed.     

Thermochromism in nickel(II) complexes: thermal, solid state H NMR and single crystal X-ray analysis of bis-(N,N-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine) nickel(II) perchlorate

The complex bis-(N,N-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine) nickel(II) perchlorate undergoes a first-order thermochromic phase transition at ca. 476 K, changing its color from orange to red. The room temperature X-ray crystal structure determination showed that the nickel ion possesses a square-planar geometry with two five membered chelate rings, in the δλ conformation, forming the NiN₄ chromophore. The broad-line ¹H NMR indicates the onset of a dynamic disorder of diamine chelate rings at the phase transition temperature region, while T₁ measurement of ¹H affords the activation energy of the puckering metal chelate rings to be 26 kJ mol⁻¹. The electronic spectrum revealed that a weakening of ligand field around the nickel is associated with the phase transition.     

Reduction of Z-2-chlorostilbene with lithium aluminum hydride: evidence for an electron transfer radical mechanism

$\text{Z}$-2-Chlorostilbene undergoes uncatalyzed LiAlH₄ reduction giving phenanthrene and $\text{Z}$-stilbene. An electron transfer radical mechanism is proposed. LiAlH₄ induced isomerization of $\text{Z}$-stilbene produces $\text{E}$-stilbene.     

Isomeric complexes of ruthenium(II) with neutral heterocyclic schiff base ligands. High resolution proton resonance spectra of trans-cis isomeric pairs of RuX2L2 (L = 2-arylpyridinecarboxaldimine, X = Cl, Br) and comparison of their physical properties

The reaction of 2-arylpyridinecarboxaldimine [RH₄C₆NC(H)Py, L (1)] with hydrated RuX₃ (X = Cl, Br) in boiling C₂H₅OH affords dark crystals of RuX₂L₂. Two geometrical isomers of the compound have been isolated and characterized by analytical and spectroscopic data. The trans isomer of RuCl₂L₂ shows a single sharp band for ν(Ru---Cl), whereas two bands are observed for the corresponding cis isomer. The highresolution ¹H NMR spectra of the isolated complexes are reported and completely assigned. All the complexes have multiple t₂→π^*(L) transitions in the visible region. Each of the complexes display a quasi-reversible oxidative response due to an Ru^III/Ru^II couple in the range 0.25–0.40 V vs S.C.E. at a platinum working electrode. The formal potentials of this couple obey the Hammett relationship. The ligand-based irreversible oxidations are also briefly noted.