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1.
P. Adamson 《Optics & Laser Technology》2002,34(7):561-568
The differential reflection characteristics for ultrathin inhomogeneous dielectric film on absorbing substrate are investigated in the long-wavelength approximation. The obtained first-order expressions for differential reflectivity and changes in the ellipsometric angles caused by ultrathin layer are of immediate interest to the solution of the inverse problem. The method to determine the averaged values (not the realistic profile) of refractive index for inhomogeneous nanometric films are shown. The novel possibilities for determining the dielectric constant and thickness of nanoscale homogeneous films by the differential ellipsometric and reflectivity measurements are developed, and a simple method to estimate whether the nanometric film is homogeneous or not is also discussed. 相似文献
2.
Synthetic erythropoietic proteins: tuning biological performance by site-specific polymer attachment
Chen SY Cressman S Mao F Shao H Low DW Beilan HS Cagle EN Carnevali M Gueriguian V Keogh PJ Porter H Stratton SM Wiedeke MC Savatski L Adamson JW Bozzini CE Kung A Kent SB Bradburne JA Kochendoerfer GG 《Chemistry & biology》2005,12(3):371-383
Chemical synthesis in combination with precision polymer modification allows the systematic exploration of the effect of protein properties, such as charge and hydrodynamic radius, on potency using defined, homogeneous conjugates. A series of polymer-modified synthetic erythropoiesis proteins were constructed that had a polypeptide chain similar to the amino acid sequence of human erythropoietin but differed significantly in the number and type of attached polymers. The analogs differed in charge from +5 to -26 at neutral pH and varied in molecular weight from 30 to 54 kDa. All were active in an in vitro cell proliferation assay. However, in vivo potency was found to be strongly dependent on overall charge and size. The trends observed in this study may serve as starting points for the construction of more potent synthetic EPO analogs in the future. 相似文献
3.
Simon S. Jones Colin B. Reese Samson Sibanda Aiko Ubasawa 《Tetrahedron letters》1981,22(47):4755-4758
The protection of uracil and 2--acyl guanine residues with 4--phenyl [or 4--(2,4-dimethylphenyl)] and 6--(2-nitrophenyl) groups as in [or ] and , respectively, is described. These -aryl protecting groups, which appear to withstand the usual conditions of oligonucleotide synthesis, may readily be removed by treatment with 2-nitrobenzaldoximate ions. 相似文献
4.
Motozaki T Sawamura K Suzuki A Yoshida K Ueki T Ohara A Munakata R Takao K Tadano K 《Organic letters》2005,7(11):2265-2267
[reaction: see text]. We have completed the total synthesis of natural (+)-tubelactomicin A (1), a 16-membered macrolide antibiotic. This Letter presents a highly efficient synthesis of the upper-half segment (C14-C24) and the completion of the total synthesis featuring a high-yielding Stille coupling for the connection of the upper-half and lower-half segments and Mukaiyama macrolactonization for the construction of the entire structure of 1. 相似文献
5.
Yoshihisa Kurasawa Tomoyoshi Hosaka Yuko Matsumoto Aiko Ishikura Kazue Ikeda Atsushi Takada Ho Sik Kim Yoshihisa Okamoto 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1994,31(6):1697-1700
The reaction of 7-chlorotetrazolo[1,5-α]quinoxaline 5-oxide 6a with acetic anhydride gave 7-chloro-5-(7-chlorotetrazolo[1,5-α]quinoxalin-4-yl)-4,5-dihydro-4-oxotetrazolo[1,5-α]quinoxaline 7a , while the reaction of 7-chloro-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-α]quinoxaline 5-oxide 6b with acetic anhydride afforded 7-chloro-5-(7-chloro-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-α]quinoxalin-4-yl)-4,5-dihydro-4-oxo-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-α]quinoxaline 7b and 7-chloro-4,5-dihydro-4-oxo-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-α]quinoxaline 8b . The reaction of compound 6a or 6b with acetic anhydride/acetic acid provided 7-chloro-4,5-dihydro-4-oxo-tetrazolo[1,5-α]quinoxaline 8a or compound 8b , respectively. 相似文献
6.
Yoshihisa Kurasawa Tomoyoshi Hosaka Kazue Ikeda Yuko Matsumoto Aiko Ishikura Atsushi Takada Ho Sik Kim Yoshihisa Okamoto 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1994,31(2):527-533
The 3-(arylhydrazono)methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalines 9–11 were synthesized by the reaction of the quinoxalines 6–8 with various p-substituted benzenediazonium salts. Compounds 9–11 showed the tautomeric equilibria between the hydrazone imine A and diazenyl enamine B forms in dimethyl sulfoxide media. The substituent effect on the tautomer ratios of A to B was studied by the nmr spectroscopy to clarify that the presence of the ester group R2 on the hydrazone carbon and electron-donating p-substituent R1 on the side chain benzene ring exhibited a tendency to increase the ratios of the tautomer A . 相似文献
7.
Composites of platinum nanoparticles and amorphous carbon films have been facilely fabricated by catalyzed carbonization of cellulose fibers. 相似文献
8.
To investigate quantitatively the anion effect on the extraction-ability and -selectivity of benzo-18-crown-6 (B18C6) for alkali metal ions, the constants for overall extraction into various diluents having low dielectric constants (K(ex)) and aqueous ion-pair formation (K(MLA)) of B18C6-sodium and potassium perchlorate 1:1:1 complexes (MLA) were determined at 25 degrees C. The K(ex) value was analyzed by the four fundamental equilibrium constants. The K(MLA) values were determined by applying our established method to this perchlorate extraction system. The K(M(B18C6)A) value of the perchlorate is much larger for K(+) than for Na(+), and is much smaller than that of the picrate. The K(M(B18C6)A) value makes a minor contribution to the magnitude of K(ex) for the perchlorate system, but a major contribution to that for the picrate one. The distribution behavior of the B18C6 1:1:1 complexes with the alkali metal perchlorates follows the regular solution theory. For the diluent with a high dipole moment, however, the 1:1:1 complexes somewhat undergo the dipole-dipole interaction. B18C6 always shows very high extraction selectivity for KClO(4) over NaClO(4), which is determined mostly by the much greater log/(log K(MLA)) value for K(+) than for Na(+). The extraction-ability and -selectivity of B18C6 for Na(+) and K(+) ions with a perchlorate ion were compared with those with a picrate ion in terms of the fundamental equilibrium constants. The K(+) extraction-selectivity of B18C6 over Na(+) for the perchlorate system is superior to that for the picrate one, which is caused largely by the greater log/(log K(K(B18C6)A))-log/(log K(Na(B18C6)A)) value for the perchlorate than for the picrate. The perchlorate system is recommended for extraction separation of K(+) from Na(+). 相似文献
9.
Yoshihisa Kurasawa Aiko Ishikura Kazue Ikeda Tomoyoshi Hosaka Yuko Matsumoto Atsushi Takada Ho Sik Kim Yoshihisa Okamoto 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1994,31(1):233-238
The reaction of 7-chloro-4-ethoxycarbonylmethylene-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline 6 with 4-ethoxycarbonyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-diazonium chloride or 4-cyano-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-diazonium chloride gave 7-chloro-4-[α-(4-ethoxycarbonyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ylhydrazono)-ethoxycarbonylmethyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline 8a or 7-chloro-4-[α-(4-cyano-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ylhydrazono)ethoxycarbonylmethyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline 8b , respectively, while the reaction of 7-chloro-4-ethoxycarbonylmethylene-4,5-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline 7 with 4-ethoxycarbonyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-diazonium chloride or 4-cyano-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-diazomum chloride provided 7-chloro-4-[α-(4-ethoxycarbonyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ylhydrazono)ethoxycarbonylmethyl]tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline 9a or 7-chloro-4-[α-(4-cyano-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ylhydrazono)ethoxycarbonylmethyl]tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline 9b , respectively. Compounds 8a,b and 9a,b showed the tautomeric equilibria between the hydrazone imine C and diazenyl enamine D forms in dimethyl sulfoxide and/or trifluoroacetic acid, and the effects of solvent and temperature on the tautomer ratios of C to D were studied by the nmr measurements in a series of mixed trifluoroacetic acid/dimethyl sulfoxide media (compounds 8a,b and 9a,b ) and at various temperatures (compounds 8a,b ). 相似文献
10.
A gauche-gauche interaction is proposed as a powerful controlling factor for the stereochemistry in the intramolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition reaction derived from N-protected 3-(N-allylamino)propionaldehyde and 2-(N-homoallylamino)acetaldehyde oximes. High levels of stereoselectivity (76% de to perfect) were obtained from the reaction involving nitrile oxides with substituents at the adjacent carbon atom to the tether nitrogen. 相似文献